//
  // ValueGraph properties
  //

  /**
   * Returns true if the edges in this graph are directed. Directed edges connect a {@link
   * EndpointPair#source() source node} to a {@link EndpointPair#target() target node}, while
   * undirected edges connect a pair of nodes to each other.
   */
  @Override
  boolean isDirected();

  /**

  }

  private static SuccessorsFunction<Character> createDirectedGraph(String... edges) {
    return createGraph(/* directed= */ true, edges);
  }

  private static SuccessorsFunction<Character> createUndirectedGraph(String... edges) {
    return createGraph(/* directed= */ false, edges);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a graph from a list of node pairs (encoded as strings, e.g. "ab" means that this graph

  }

  @Test
  public void incidentEdgeOrder_unordered() {
    graph = ValueGraphBuilder.directed().incidentEdgeOrder(ElementOrder.unordered()).build();
    assertThat(graph.incidentEdgeOrder()).isEqualTo(ElementOrder.unordered());
  }

  @Test
  public void incidentEdgeOrder_stable() {
    graph = ValueGraphBuilder.directed().incidentEdgeOrder(ElementOrder.stable()).build();

  }

  @Test
  public void incidentEdgeOrder_unordered() {
    graph = ValueGraphBuilder.directed().incidentEdgeOrder(ElementOrder.unordered()).build();
    assertThat(graph.incidentEdgeOrder()).isEqualTo(ElementOrder.unordered());
  }

  @Test
  public void incidentEdgeOrder_stable() {
    graph = ValueGraphBuilder.directed().incidentEdgeOrder(ElementOrder.stable()).build();

    MutableGraph<Integer> directedGraph = GraphBuilder.directed().allowsSelfLoops(false).build();
    directedGraph.putEdge(N1, N2);
    directedGraph.putEdge(N1, N3);
    directedGraph.putEdge(N2, N3);
    directedGraph.addNode(N4);

    MutableGraph<Integer> expectedClosure = GraphBuilder.directed().allowsSelfLoops(true).build();
    expectedClosure.putEdge(N1, N1);
    expectedClosure.putEdge(N1, N2);

   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the endpoints are unordered and the network is directed
   * @since 27.1
   */
  Set<E> edgesConnecting(EndpointPair<N> endpoints);

  /**
   * Returns the single edge that directly connects {@code nodeU} to {@code nodeV}, if one is
   * present, or {@code null} if no such edge exists.
   *
   * <p>In an undirected network, this is equal to {@code edgeConnectingOrNull(nodeV, nodeU)}.
   *

  //
  // Graph properties
  //

  /**
   * Returns true if the edges in this graph are directed. Directed edges connect a {@link
   * EndpointPair#source() source node} to a {@link EndpointPair#target() target node}, while
   * undirected edges connect a pair of nodes to each other.
   */
  @Override
  boolean isDirected();

  /**

  //
  // Graph properties
  //

  /**
   * Returns true if the edges in this graph are directed. Directed edges connect a {@link
   * EndpointPair#source() source node} to a {@link EndpointPair#target() target node}, while
   * undirected edges connect a pair of nodes to each other.
   */
  @Override
  boolean isDirected();

  /**

 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>Test cases related to whether the graph is directed or undirected.
 *   <li>Test cases related to the specific implementation of the {@link Graph} interface.
 * </ul>
 *
 * TODO(user): Make this class generic (using <N, E>) for all node and edge types.
 * TODO(user): Differentiate between directed and undirected edge strings.
 */
@NullUnmarked
public abstract class AbstractGraphTest {

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * An implementation of {@link GraphConnections} for directed graphs.
 *
 * @author James Sexton
 * @author Jens Nyman
 * @param <N> Node parameter type
 * @param <V> Value parameter type
 */
final class DirectedGraphConnections<N, V> implements GraphConnections<N, V> {