* Returns the {@code char} value that is equal to {@code value}, if possible.
   *
   * @param value any value in the range of the {@code char} type
   * @return the {@code char} value that equals {@code value}
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code value} is greater than {@link Character#MAX_VALUE}
   *     or less than {@link Character#MIN_VALUE}
   */
  public static char checkedCast(long value) {
    char result = (char) value;

   * Returns the {@code char} value that is equal to {@code value}, if possible.
   *
   * @param value any value in the range of the {@code char} type
   * @return the {@code char} value that equals {@code value}
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code value} is greater than {@link Character#MAX_VALUE}
   *     or less than {@link Character#MIN_VALUE}
   */
  public static char checkedCast(long value) {
    char result = (char) value;

  /** Tests that round tripping of all two byte permutations work. */
  @GwtIncompatible // java.nio.charset.Charset
  public void testIsWellFormed_1Byte() {
    testBytes(1, EXPECTED_ONE_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_COUNT);
  }

  /** Tests that round tripping of all two byte permutations work. */
  @GwtIncompatible // java.nio.charset.Charset
  public void testIsWellFormed_2Bytes() {
    testBytes(2, EXPECTED_TWO_BYTE_ROUNDTRIPPABLE_COUNT);

    if (chars instanceof String) {
      return toLowerCase((String) chars);
    }
    char[] newChars = new char[chars.length()];
    for (int i = 0; i < newChars.length; i++) {
      newChars[i] = toLowerCase(chars.charAt(i));
    }
    return String.valueOf(newChars);
  }

  /**
   * If the argument is an {@linkplain #isUpperCase(char) uppercase ASCII character}, returns the

  }

  /** A byte source that reads chars from this source and encodes them as bytes using a charset. */
  private final class AsByteSource extends ByteSource {

    final Charset charset;

    AsByteSource(Charset charset) {
      this.charset = checkNotNull(charset);
    }

    @Override
    public CharSource asCharSource(Charset charset) {
      if (charset.equals(this.charset)) {

  }

  /** A byte source that reads chars from this source and encodes them as bytes using a charset. */
  private final class AsByteSource extends ByteSource {

    final Charset charset;

    AsByteSource(Charset charset) {
      this.charset = checkNotNull(charset);
    }

    @Override
    public CharSource asCharSource(Charset charset) {
      if (charset.equals(this.charset)) {

      HashFunction hashFunction, Random random) {
    int size = random.nextInt(8) + 1;
    char[] chars = new char[size];
    for (int i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) {
      chars[i] = random.nextBoolean() ? randomLowSurrogate(random) : randomHighSurrogate(random);
    }
    String string = new String(chars);
    assertEquals(
        hashFunction.hashUnencodedChars(string),

    /** The list of possible key/value separators */
    private static final char[] SEPARATORS = new char[] {'=', ':'};

    /** The white space characters used as key/value separators. */
    private static final char[] WHITE_SPACE = new char[] {' ', '\t', '\f'};

    /**
     * Unless standard java props, use UTF-8
     */
    static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = StandardCharsets.UTF_8;

        }
      }
      return chars.subSequence(0, l + 1);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean canDecode(CharSequence chars) {
      checkNotNull(chars);
      chars = trimTrailingPadding(chars);
      if (!alphabet.isValidPaddingStartPosition(chars.length())) {
        return false;
      }
      for (int i = 0; i < chars.length(); i++) {
        if (!alphabet.canDecode(chars.charAt(i))) {
          return false;

      HashFunction hashFunction, Random random) {
    int size = random.nextInt(8) + 1;
    char[] chars = new char[size];
    for (int i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) {
      chars[i] = random.nextBoolean() ? randomLowSurrogate(random) : randomHighSurrogate(random);
    }
    String string = new String(chars);
    assertEquals(
        hashFunction.hashUnencodedChars(string),