* Returns the {@code char} value that is equal to {@code value}, if possible.
   *
   * @param value any value in the range of the {@code char} type
   * @return the {@code char} value that equals {@code value}
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code value} is greater than {@link Character#MAX_VALUE}
   *     or less than {@link Character#MIN_VALUE}
   */
  public static char checkedCast(long value) {
    char result = (char) value;

        .isEqualTo(1);
    assertThat(
            Chars.indexOf(
                new char[] {(char) 2, (char) 3, (char) 2, (char) 3, (char) 4, (char) 2, (char) 3},
                new char[] {(char) 2, (char) 3, (char) 4}))
        .isEqualTo(2);
    assertThat(
            Chars.indexOf(
                new char[] {(char) 2, (char) 2, (char) 3, (char) 4, (char) 2, (char) 3, (char) 4},

        .isEqualTo(1);
    assertThat(
            Chars.indexOf(
                new char[] {(char) 2, (char) 3, (char) 2, (char) 3, (char) 4, (char) 2, (char) 3},
                new char[] {(char) 2, (char) 3, (char) 4}))
        .isEqualTo(2);
    assertThat(
            Chars.indexOf(
                new char[] {(char) 2, (char) 2, (char) 3, (char) 4, (char) 2, (char) 3, (char) 4},

    if (chars instanceof String) {
      return toLowerCase((String) chars);
    }
    char[] newChars = new char[chars.length()];
    for (int i = 0; i < newChars.length; i++) {
      newChars[i] = toLowerCase(chars.charAt(i));
    }
    return String.valueOf(newChars);
  }

  /**
   * If the argument is an {@linkplain #isUpperCase(char) uppercase ASCII character}, returns the

        }
      }
      return chars.subSequence(0, l + 1);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean canDecode(CharSequence chars) {
      checkNotNull(chars);
      chars = trimTrailingPadding(chars);
      if (!alphabet.isValidPaddingStartPosition(chars.length())) {
        return false;
      }
      for (int i = 0; i < chars.length(); i++) {
        if (!alphabet.canDecode(chars.charAt(i))) {
          return false;

    }

    /**
     * Convert char array to byte array (UTF-8)
     */
    private byte[] charsToBytes(char[] chars) {
        if (chars == null) {
            return null;
        }

        // Use UTF-8 encoding
        byte[] bytes = new byte[chars.length * 3]; // Max 3 bytes per char in UTF-8
        int byteIndex = 0;

        for (char c : chars) {
            if (c < 0x80) {

            char charA = (i < a.length) ? a[i] : '\0';
            char charB = (i < b.length) ? b[i] : '\0';
            result &= (charA == charB) ? 1 : 0;
        }

        return result == 1;
    }

    /** The authentication type */
    private AuthenticationType type;
    /** The authentication domain */
    private String domain;
    /** The username for authentication */

    Set<Character> positive = Sets.newHashSetWithExpectedSize(chars.length);
    for (char c : chars) {
      positive.add(c);
    }
    for (int c = 0; c <= Character.MAX_VALUE; c++) {
      assertFalse(positive.contains(Character.valueOf((char) c)) ^ m.matches((char) c));
    }
  }

  static char[] randomChars(Random rand, int size) {
    Set<Character> chars = new HashSet<>(size);

        assertEquals("000", Hexdump.toHexString(data1, 0, 3)); // 3 chars = 1.5 bytes (rounds up to 2)
        assertEquals("0001", Hexdump.toHexString(data1, 0, 4)); // 4 chars = 2 bytes
        assertEquals("000102", Hexdump.toHexString(data1, 0, 6)); // 6 chars = 3 bytes
        assertEquals("00010203", Hexdump.toHexString(data1, 0, 8)); // 8 chars = 4 bytes

        if (isEmpty(name)) {
            return name;
        }
        final char[] chars = name.toCharArray();
        if (chars.length >= 2 && Character.isUpperCase(chars[0]) && Character.isUpperCase(chars[1])) {
            return name;
        }
        chars[0] = Character.toLowerCase(chars[0]);
        return new String(chars);
    }

    /**
     * Capitalizes a string according to JavaBeans conventions.