* certificate can sign other certificates (but those certificates cannot themselves sign
     * certificates). Set this to 1 so this certificate can sign intermediate certificates that can
     * themselves sign certificates. Add one for each additional layer of intermediates to permit.
     */
    fun certificateAuthority(maxIntermediateCas: Int) =
      apply {

    }

    // Should not be pinned:
    certificatePinner.check("uk", listOf(certB1.certificate))
    certificatePinner.check("co.uk", listOf(certB1.certificate))
    certificatePinner.check("anotherexample.co.uk", listOf(certB1.certificate))
    certificatePinner.check("foo.anotherexample.co.uk", listOf(certB1.certificate))
  }

  @Test
  fun testBadPin() {

 * `api.publicobject.com` are valid if either A's or B's certificate is in the chain.
 *
 * ## Warning: Certificate Pinning is Dangerous!
 *
 * Pinning certificates limits your server team's abilities to update their TLS certificates. By
 * pinning certificates, you take on additional operational complexity and limit your ability to
 * migrate between certificate authorities. Do not use certificate pinning without the blessing of

    val certificate = heldCertificate.certificate
    assertThat(certificate.getSubjectX500Principal().name, "self-signed")
      .isEqualTo(certificate.getIssuerX500Principal().name)
    assertThat(certificate.getIssuerX500Principal().name).matches(Regex("CN=[0-9a-f-]{36}"))
    assertThat(certificate.serialNumber).isEqualTo(BigInteger.ONE)
    assertThat(certificate.subjectAlternativeNames).isNull()

  }

  private fun certificate(certificate: String): X509Certificate =
    CertificateFactory
      .getInstance("X.509")
      .generateCertificate(ByteArrayInputStream(certificate.toByteArray()))
      as X509Certificate

  private fun session(certificate: String): SSLSession = FakeSSLSession(certificate(certificate))

    // Add a bad intermediate CA and have that issue a rogue certificate for localhost. Prepare
    // an SSL context for an attacking webserver. It includes both these rogue certificates plus the
    // trusted good certificate above. The attack is that by including the good certificate in the
    // chain, we may trick the certificate pinner into accepting the rouge certificate.
    val compromisedIntermediateCa =
      HeldCertificate

on-300-000-iranians-using-fake-google-certificate.html). It also assumes your HTTPS servers’ certificates are signed by a certificate authority.

Use [CertificatePinner](https://square.github.io/okhttp/5.x/okhttp/okhttp3/-certificate-pinner/) to restrict which certificates and certificate authorities are trusted. Certificate pinning increases security, but limits your server team’s abilities to update their TLS certificates. **Do not use certificate pinning without the blessing of your server’s...

		}
		certificate, err := createTempFile(t, "public.crt", testCase.certificate)
		if err != nil {
			os.Remove(privateKey)
			t.Fatalf("Test %d: failed to create tmp certificate file: %v", i, err)
		}

		if testCase.password != "" {
			t.Setenv(EnvCertPassword, testCase.password)
		}
		_, err = LoadX509KeyPair(certificate, privateKey)
		if err != nil && !testCase.shouldFail {

Before Let's Encrypt, these **HTTPS certificates** were sold by trusted third parties.

The process to acquire one of these certificates used to be cumbersome, require quite some paperwork and the certificates were quite expensive.

But then **[Let's Encrypt](https://letsencrypt.org/)** was created.

    val certificate =
      HeldCertificate
        .Builder()
        .keyPair(publicKey, privateKey)
        .build()

    val certificateByteString = certificate.certificate.encoded.toByteString()

    val okHttpCertificate =
      CertificateAdapters.certificate
        .fromDer(certificateByteString)