// reading and so all of the bytes in each new allocated buffer are available for reading from
    // the stream.
    for (int bufSize = initialBufferSize;
        totalLen < MAX_ARRAY_LEN;
        bufSize = IntMath.saturatedMultiply(bufSize, bufSize < 4096 ? 4 : 2)) {
      byte[] buf = new byte[min(bufSize, MAX_ARRAY_LEN - totalLen)];
      bufs.add(buf);
      int off = 0;
      while (off < buf.length) {

        int i = 0, n = -5;

        if (off + len > b.length) {
            throw new IOException("Buffer too short, bufsize " + b.length + " read " + len);
        }

        while (i < len) {
            n = in.read(b, off + i, len - i);
            if (n <= 0) {
                break;
            }
            i += n;
        }