public static void rotate(int[] array, int distance, int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
    // There are several well-known algorithms for rotating part of an array (or, equivalently,
    // exchanging two blocks of memory). This classic text by Gries and Mills mentions several:
    // https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/6292/81-452.pdf.
    // (1) "Reversal", the one we have here.

    assertEquals(a, sortedMultiset.pollLastEntry());
    assertTrue(sortedMultiset.isEmpty());
  }

  @CollectionSize.Require(SEVERAL)
  public void testFirst() {
    assertEquals(a, sortedMultiset.firstEntry());
  }

  @CollectionFeature.Require(SUPPORTS_REMOVE)
  @CollectionSize.Require(SEVERAL)
  public void testPollFirst() {
    assertEquals(a, sortedMultiset.pollFirstEntry());

    assertEquals(a, sortedMultiset.pollLastEntry());
    assertTrue(sortedMultiset.isEmpty());
  }

  @CollectionSize.Require(SEVERAL)
  public void testFirst() {
    assertEquals(a, sortedMultiset.firstEntry());
  }

  @CollectionFeature.Require(SUPPORTS_REMOVE)
  @CollectionSize.Require(SEVERAL)
  public void testPollFirst() {
    assertEquals(a, sortedMultiset.pollFirstEntry());

                  }
                })
            .named("empty U set")
            .withFeatures(
                CollectionSize.ONE, CollectionSize.SEVERAL, CollectionFeature.ALLOWS_NULL_VALUES)
            .createTestSuite());

    suite.addTest(
        SetTestSuiteBuilder.using(
                new TestStringSetGenerator() {
                  @Override

      assertOneToOne();
    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException tolerated) {
    }
  }

  @CollectionSize.Require(SEVERAL)
  @CollectionFeature.Require(SUPPORTS_ADD)
  public void testSetCount_threeToThree_addSupported() {
    assertThreeToThree();
  }

  @CollectionSize.Require(SEVERAL)
  @CollectionFeature.Require(SUPPORTS_REMOVE)
  public void testSetCount_threeToThree_removeSupported() {
    assertThreeToThree();

      assertOneToOne();
    } catch (UnsupportedOperationException tolerated) {
    }
  }

  @CollectionSize.Require(SEVERAL)
  @CollectionFeature.Require(SUPPORTS_ADD)
  public void testSetCount_threeToThree_addSupported() {
    assertThreeToThree();
  }

  @CollectionSize.Require(SEVERAL)
  @CollectionFeature.Require(SUPPORTS_REMOVE)
  public void testSetCount_threeToThree_removeSupported() {
    assertThreeToThree();

                  }
                })
            .named("empty U set")
            .withFeatures(
                CollectionSize.ONE, CollectionSize.SEVERAL, CollectionFeature.ALLOWS_NULL_VALUES)
            .createTestSuite());

    suite.addTest(
        SetTestSuiteBuilder.using(
                new TestStringSetGenerator() {
                  @Override

///

### Flask REST frameworks

There are several Flask REST frameworks, but after investing the time and work into investigating them, I found that many are discontinued or abandoned, with several standing issues that made them unfit.

### <a href="https://marshmallow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Marshmallow</a>

///

To **learn the basics of HTTPS**, from a consumer perspective, check <a href="https://howhttps.works/" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://howhttps.works/</a>.

Now, from a **developer's perspective**, here are several things to keep in mind while thinking about HTTPS:

* For HTTPS, **the server** needs to **have "certificates"** generated by a **third party**.

Keep in mind that this means that the whole contents will be stored in memory. This will work well for small files.

But there are several cases in which you might benefit from using `UploadFile`.

## File Parameters with `UploadFile`

Define a file parameter with a type of `UploadFile`:

//// tab | Python 3.9+

```Python hl_lines="14"