}

            final String nonce = (String) claimsSet.getClaim("nonce");
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("nonce: {}", nonce);
            }
            if (StringUtils.isEmpty(nonce) || !nonce.equals(stateData.getNonce())) {
                throw new SsoLoginException("could not validate nonce");
            }

            byte[] nonce = context.generateNonce();
            assertNotNull(nonce, "Nonce should not be null");
            assertTrue(nonce.length > 0, "Nonce should have length > 0");

            // Convert to string for uniqueness check
            String nonceStr = Arrays.toString(nonce);
            assertFalse(nonces.contains(nonceStr), "Nonce should be unique");
            nonces.add(nonceStr);

        });
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Should handle null nonce")
    void testNullNonce() {
        // When/Then
        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> {
            transformHeader.setNonce(null);
        });
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Should handle invalid nonce length")
    void testInvalidNonceLength() {
        // Given

        return metrics;
    }

    /**
     * Generate a unique nonce for encryption following SMB3 specification.
     * Uses SMB3-compliant nonce generation with guaranteed uniqueness.
     *
     * @return nonce appropriate for the dialect (16 bytes for GCM, 12 bytes for CCM)
     */
    public byte[] generateNonce() {
        final byte[] nonce = new byte[isGCMCipher() ? 16 : 12];

        if (isGCMCipher()) {

  @Test fun testDigestChallengeWithStrictRfc2617Header() {
    val headers =
      Headers
        .Builder()
        .add(
          "WWW-Authenticate",
          "Digest realm=\"myrealm\", nonce=\"fjalskdflwejrlaskdfjlaskdjflaks" +
            "jdflkasdf\", qop=\"auth\", stale=\"FALSE\"",
        ).build()
    val challenges = headers.parseChallenges("WWW-Authenticate")
    assertThat(challenges.size).isEqualTo(1)

##### Figure 1 - Secure Channel construction

```
plaintext   := chunk_0          ||       chunk_1          ||       chunk_2          ||       ...
                 |                         |                         |
                 |                         |                         |
               AEAD <- key, nonce + 0    AEAD <- key, nonce + 1    AEAD <- key, nonce + 2    ...

			return
		}
		copy(objectEncryptionKey[:], key)

		var nonce [12]byte
		tmp := sha256.Sum256(fmt.Append(nil, uploadID, partID))
		copy(nonce[:], tmp[:12])

		partEncryptionKey := objectEncryptionKey.DerivePartKey(uint32(partID))
		encReader, err := sio.EncryptReader(reader, sio.Config{
			Key:   partEncryptionKey[:],
			Nonce: &nonce,
		})
		if err != nil {

     * @param password
     *            The user's password.
     * @param challenge
     *            The server challenge.
     * @param clientChallenge
     *            The client challenge (nonce).
     * @return the calculated response
     * @throws GeneralSecurityException if a cryptographic error occurs
     */

     * @param user The username.
     * @param password The user's password.
     * @param challenge The server challenge.
     * @param clientChallenge The client challenge (nonce).
     * @return the LMv2 response bytes
     */
    public static byte[] getLMv2Response(final String domain, final String user, final String password, final byte[] challenge,
            final byte[] clientChallenge) {

            HMACT64 hmac = new HMACT64(TEST_KEY);
            hmac.engineReset();
            verify(mockMd5, times(2)).reset(); // Once in constructor, once in reset
            verify(mockMd5, times(2)).update(any(byte[].class)); // Once in constructor, once in reset
        }
    }

    @Test
    void testEngineGetDigestLength() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
        // Test engineGetDigestLength()