* href="https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/PrimitivesExplained">primitive utilities</a>.
 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 * @since 1.0
 */
@GwtCompatible
public final class Longs {
  private Longs() {}

  /**
   * The number of bytes required to represent a primitive {@code long} value.
   *
   * <p>Prefer {@link Long#BYTES} instead.
   */
  public static final int BYTES = Long.BYTES;

  /**

  // Java 2nd Edition Item 76: Write readObject methods defensively.
  private transient AtomicLongArray longs;

  /**
   * Creates a new {@code AtomicDoubleArray} of the given length, with all elements initially zero.
   *
   * @param length the length of the array
   */
  public AtomicDoubleArray(int length) {
    this.longs = new AtomicLongArray(length);
  }

  /**

  public static final long MAX_VALUE = -1L; // Equivalent to 2^64 - 1

  /**
   * A (self-inverse) bijection which converts the ordering on unsigned longs to the ordering on
   * longs, that is, {@code a <= b} as unsigned longs if and only if {@code flip(a) <= flip(b)} as
   * signed longs.
   */
  private static long flip(long a) {
    return a ^ Long.MIN_VALUE;
  }

  /**

   * @since 23.0
   */
  public static ContiguousSet<Long> closed(long lower, long upper) {
    return create(Range.closed(lower, upper), DiscreteDomain.longs());
  }

  /**
   * Returns a contiguous set containing all {@code int} values from {@code lower} (inclusive) to
   * {@code upper} (exclusive). If the endpoints are equal, an empty set is returned. (These are the

      }
      return true;
    }

    private /* static */ long lowerEight(byte[] bytes) {
      return Longs.fromBytes(
          bytes[7], bytes[6], bytes[5], bytes[4], bytes[3], bytes[2], bytes[1], bytes[0]);
    }

    private /* static */ long upperEight(byte[] bytes) {
      return Longs.fromBytes(
          bytes[15], bytes[14], bytes[13], bytes[12], bytes[11], bytes[10], bytes[9], bytes[8]);
    }
  };

    @Nested
    @DisplayName("Edge Cases and Boundary Tests")
    class EdgeCasesTests {

        @ParameterizedTest
        @DisplayName("Should handle boundary values for capacity")
        @ValueSource(longs = { 0L, 1L, -1L, 1024L, 1048576L, 1073741824L, Long.MAX_VALUE, Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE - 1,
                Long.MIN_VALUE + 1 })
        void shouldHandleBoundaryValuesForCapacity(long capacity) {
            // Given

import com.google.common.collect.Ordering;
import com.google.common.math.Quantiles.ScaleAndIndexes;
import com.google.common.primitives.Doubles;
import com.google.common.primitives.Ints;
import com.google.common.primitives.Longs;
import com.google.common.truth.Correspondence;
import com.google.common.truth.Correspondence.BinaryPredicate;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;

import com.google.common.collect.Ordering;
import com.google.common.math.Quantiles.ScaleAndIndexes;
import com.google.common.primitives.Doubles;
import com.google.common.primitives.Ints;
import com.google.common.primitives.Longs;
import com.google.common.truth.Correspondence;
import com.google.common.truth.Correspondence.BinaryPredicate;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;

   * <p>This method always returns the same object. That object is serializable; deserializing it
   * results in the same object too.
   *
   * @since 14.0 (since 10.0 as {@code DiscreteDomains.longs()})
   */
  public static DiscreteDomain<Long> longs() {
    return LongDomain.INSTANCE;
  }

  private static final class LongDomain extends DiscreteDomain<Long> implements Serializable {

    @ParameterizedTest
    @ValueSource(longs = { 0L, 1L, 0xFFFFFFFFL, 0x12345678L, 0x80000000L })
    void testWriteReadInt4RoundTrip(long input) {
        byte[] buffer = new byte[8];
        SMBUtil.writeInt4(input, buffer, 0);
        int result = SMBUtil.readInt4(buffer, 0);
        assertEquals((int) (input & 0xFFFFFFFFL), result);
    }

    @ParameterizedTest