@Partially.GwtIncompatible("AVAILABLE but requires exceptionType to be Throwable.class")
  public final <X extends Throwable> FluentFuture<V> catching(
      Class<X> exceptionType, Function<? super X, ? extends V> fallback, Executor executor) {
    return (FluentFuture<V>) Futures.catching(this, exceptionType, fallback, executor);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a {@code Future} whose result is taken from this {@code Future} or, if this {@code

        assertTrue(exception instanceof Exception);
        assertTrue(exception instanceof Throwable);
    }

    public void test_throwAndCatch() {
        // Test throwing and catching the exception
        String expectedType = "OAuth";
        String expectedMessage = "OAuth token is invalid";

        try {
            throw new InvalidAccessTokenException(expectedType, expectedMessage);

        assertEquals(middleCause, topException.getCause());
        assertEquals(rootCause, topException.getCause().getCause());
    }

    public void test_throwAndCatch() {
        // Test throwing and catching the exception
        String componentName = "cacheManager";
        try {
            throw new ContainerNotAvailableException(componentName);
        } catch (ContainerNotAvailableException e) {

        assertEquals(original.getCause().getClass(), deserialized.getCause().getClass());
    }

    /**
     * Test throwing and catching the exception
     */
    public void test_throwAndCatch() {
        try {
            throw new CrawlerSystemException("Test throw");
        } catch (CrawlerSystemException e) {

    // same value. below comes before above
    return Boolean.compare(this instanceof AboveValue, that instanceof AboveValue);
  }

  C endpoint() {
    return endpoint;
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // catching CCE
  @Override
  public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
    if (obj instanceof Cut) {
      // It might not really be a Cut<C>, but we'll catch a CCE if it's not
      Cut<C> that = (Cut<C>) obj;
      try {

## Verify the `username` and data shape { #verify-the-username-and-data-shape }

We verify that we get a `username`, and extract the scopes.

And then we validate that data with the Pydantic model (catching the `ValidationError` exception), and if we get an error reading the JWT token or validating the data with Pydantic, we raise the `HTTPException` we created before.

 * corresponding entries will be dropped from the cache. If an error occurs while writing a cache
 * value, the edit will fail silently. Callers should handle other problems by catching
 * `IOException` and responding appropriately.
 *
 * @constructor Create a cache which will reside in [directory]. This cache is lazily initialized on
 *     first access and will be created if it does not exist.

_2025-07-07_

 *  New: `Response.peekTrailers()`. When we changed `Response.trailers()` to block instead of
    throwing in 5.0.0, we inadvertently removed the ability for callers to peek the trailers
    (by catching the `IllegalStateException` if they weren't available). This new API restores that
    capability.

 *  Fix: Don't crash on `trailers()` if the response doesn't have a body. We broke [Retrofit] users

        // No matching host header
        String key = virtualHostHelper.getVirtualHostKey();
        assertEquals("", key);

        // Matching host header
        request.addHeader("Host", "example.com");
        key = virtualHostHelper.getVirtualHostKey();
        assertEquals("", key); // Still empty due to caching

        // Test caching by calling again - should return cached value

- **Exception Handling** (`org.codelibs.core.exception`) - Runtime exception wrappers for common checked exceptions with consistent error handling

### Modern Java 21 Support
- **Pattern Matching** - Leverages modern Java pattern matching for efficient type checking and conversion
- **Switch Expressions** - Optimized implementations using switch expressions for better performance