assertWellFormed(
        0x61, 0xc8, 0x8a, 0x63, 0xc2, 0xa2, 0x62, 0x5c, 0x75, 0x30, 0x32, 0x34, 0x42, 0x36, 0x32,
        0x75, 0x30, 0x32, 0x30, 0x61, 0x63, 0x63, 0xc2, 0xa2, 0x64, 0x65, 0xc9, 0x8b, 0x36, 0x32);
    // Not a valid string
    assertNotWellFormed(-1, 0, -1, 0);
  }

  public void testShardsHaveExpectedRoundTrippables() {
    // A sanity check.
    long actual = 0;

    void byteArrayConstructor_malformedDER_throwsWrapped() {
        // Arrange: Truncated SEQUENCE (0x30 len=2 but only 1 byte of content)
        byte[] malformed = new byte[] { 0x30, 0x02, 0x01 };

        // Act + Assert
        PACDecodingException ex = assertThrows(PACDecodingException.class, () -> new KerberosApRequest(malformed, null));

        stubValidTree(1L, true, true);

        byte[] fidBytes = new byte[] { 0x01, 0x02 };
        SmbFileHandleImpl h1 = new SmbFileHandleImpl(cfg, fidBytes, tree, "//u/one", 0x10, 0x20, 0x30, 0x40, 0L);
        String s1 = h1.toString();
        assertTrue(s1.contains("//u/one"));
        assertTrue(s1.contains("0102"), "Expected hex fileId in string");

        SmbNegotiationResponse anotherResponse = mock(SmbNegotiationResponse.class);
        byte[] anotherRequestBuffer = new byte[] { 0x10, 0x20 };
        byte[] anotherResponseBuffer = new byte[] { 0x30, 0x40 };

        SmbNegotiation anotherNegotiation =
                new SmbNegotiation(anotherRequest, anotherResponse, anotherRequestBuffer, anotherResponseBuffer);

            byte[] testContext =
                    new byte[] { (byte) 0x11, (byte) 0x22, (byte) 0x33, (byte) 0x44, (byte) 0x55, (byte) 0x66, (byte) 0x77, (byte) 0x88 };
            message.setContext(testContext);
            byte[] testTargetInfo = new byte[] { 0x10, 0x20, 0x30 };
            message.setTargetInformation(testTargetInfo);

            // When
            String result = message.toString();

        // Bit 2: active (1)
        // Bit 1: permanent (1)

        // MAC address
        byte[] testMac = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 };
        System.arraycopy(testMac, 0, src, srcIndex + 19, 6);

        // Statistics
        byte[] stats = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 };
        System.arraycopy(stats, 0, src, srcIndex + 25, 6);

        response.readRDataWireFormat(src, srcIndex);

        void testDcerpcConcMpx() {
            assertEquals(0x10, DcerpcConstants.DCERPC_CONC_MPX, "DCERPC_CONC_MPX should be 0x10");
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("DCERPC_DID_NOT_EXECUTE should have correct value")
        void testDcerpcDidNotExecute() {
            assertEquals(0x20, DcerpcConstants.DCERPC_DID_NOT_EXECUTE, "DCERPC_DID_NOT_EXECUTE should be 0x20");
        }

        @Test

    void testSmbFlags() {
        assertEquals(0x00, SmbConstants.FLAGS_NONE);
        assertEquals(0x01, SmbConstants.FLAGS_LOCK_AND_READ_WRITE_AND_UNLOCK);
        assertEquals(0x02, SmbConstants.FLAGS_RECEIVE_BUFFER_POSTED);
        assertEquals(0x08, SmbConstants.FLAGS_PATH_NAMES_CASELESS);
        assertEquals(0x10, SmbConstants.FLAGS_PATH_NAMES_CANONICALIZED);
        assertEquals(0x20, SmbConstants.FLAGS_OPLOCK_REQUESTED_OR_GRANTED);

        byte[] wireData = new byte[] { 0x10, 0x00, // StructureSize (must be 16)
                0x01, // ShareType (DISK)
                0x00, // Reserved
                0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // ShareFlags
                0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // Capabilities
                (byte) 0xFF, 0x01, 0x1F, 0x00 // MaximalAccess
        };

        // When

        assertEquals((byte) 0x34, dst[1]);
        assertEquals((byte) (0x80 | (NameServicePacket.QUERY << 3) | 0x04 | 0x02 | 0x01), dst[2]); // flags1
        assertEquals((byte) (0x80 | 0x10 | NameServicePacket.FMT_ERR), dst[3]); // flags2
        assertEquals((byte) 0x00, dst[4]); // questionCount
        assertEquals((byte) 0x01, dst[5]);
        assertEquals((byte) 0x00, dst[6]); // answerCount