for (int i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
      limiter.acquire(); // #7, showing off the warmup starting from totally cold
    }

    // make sure the areas (times) remain the same, while permits are different
    assertEvents(
        "R0.00, R1.38, R1.13, R0.88, R0.63, R0.50, R0.50, R0.50", // #1
        "U4.50", // #2
        "R0.00, R1.38, R1.13", // #3, after that the rate changes

   * lowercase letters. Padding and separator characters remain in their original case.
   *
   * @throws IllegalStateException if the alphabet used by this encoding contains mixed upper- and
   *     lower-case characters
   */
  public abstract BaseEncoding lowerCase();

  /**
   * Returns an encoding that behaves equivalently to this encoding, but decodes letters without
   * regard to case.
   *

      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
      of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
      separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
      the Work and Derivative Works thereof.

      "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including

   * failed CAS on base update), the table is initialized to size 2.
   * The table size is doubled upon further contention until
   * reaching the nearest power of two greater than or equal to the
   * number of CPUS. Table slots remain empty (null) until they are
   * needed.
   *
   * A single spinlock ("busy") is used for initializing and
   * resizing the table, as well as populating slots with new Cells.

    for (int i = 0; i < ITERS; i++) {
      countRemaps(r.nextLong(), map);
    }
    for (int shard = 2; shard <= MAX_SHARDS; shard++) {
      // Rough: don't exceed 1.2x the expected number of remaps by more than 20
      assertTrue(map.get(shard) <= 1.2 * ITERS / shard + 20);
    }
  }

  private void countRemaps(long h, AtomicLongMap<Integer> map) {
    int last = 0;

   * delegate is non-empty. The {@code refreshIfEmpty}, {@code removeIfEmpty}, and {@code addToMap}
   * methods ensure that the {@code WrappedCollection} and map remain consistent.
   *
   * <p>A subcollection, such as a sublist, contains some of the values for a given key. Its
   * ancestor field points to the full wrapped collection with all values for the key. The

  }

  /**
   * Serialized type for all ImmutableMap instances. It captures the logical contents and they are
   * reconstructed using public factory methods. This ensures that the implementation types remain
   * as implementation details.
   */
  @J2ktIncompatible // serialization
  static class SerializedForm<K, V> implements Serializable {

    public int available() throws IOException {
      return (int) Math.min(in.available(), left);
    }

    // it's okay to mark even if mark isn't supported, as reset won't work
    @Override
    public synchronized void mark(int readLimit) {
      in.mark(readLimit);
      mark = left;
    }

    @Override
    public int read() throws IOException {
      if (left == 0) {
        return -1;
      }

    assertEquals(big[1], small[3]);
  }

  public void testLimit_mark() throws Exception {
    byte[] big = newPreFilledByteArray(5);
    InputStream bin = new ByteArrayInputStream(big);
    InputStream lin = ByteStreams.limit(bin, 2);

    int read = lin.read();
    assertEquals(big[0], read);
    lin.mark(2);

    read = lin.read();
    assertEquals(big[1], read);
    read = lin.read();

    for (int i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
      limiter.acquire(); // #7, showing off the warmup starting from totally cold
    }

    // make sure the areas (times) remain the same, while permits are different
    assertEvents(
        "R0.00, R1.38, R1.13, R0.88, R0.63, R0.50, R0.50, R0.50", // #1
        "U4.50", // #2
        "R0.00, R1.38, R1.13", // #3, after that the rate changes