if columnType.ScanType() != nil {
				values[idx] = reflect.New(reflect.PtrTo(columnType.ScanType())).Interface()
			} else {
				values[idx] = new(interface{})
			}
		}
	} else {
		for idx := range columns {
			values[idx] = new(interface{})
		}
	}
}

func scanIntoMap(mapValue map[string]interface{}, values []interface{}, columns []string) {
	for idx, column := range columns {

func TestCreateFromMapWithoutPK(t *testing.T) {
	if !isMysql() {
		t.Skipf("This test case skipped, because of only supporting for mysql")
	}

	// case 1: one record, create from map[string]interface{}
	mapValue1 := map[string]interface{}{"name": "create_from_map_with_schema1", "age": 1}
	if err := DB.Model(&User{}).Create(mapValue1).Error; err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to create data from map, got error: %v", err)
	}

package schema_test

import (
	"sync"
	"testing"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
	"gorm.io/gorm/schema"
)

func checkStructRelation(t *testing.T, data interface{}, relations ...Relation) {
	if s, err := schema.Parse(data, &sync.Map{}, schema.NamingStrategy{}); err != nil {
		t.Errorf("Failed to parse schema, got error %v", err)
	} else {
		for _, rel := range relations {
			checkSchemaRelation(t, s, rel)
		}
	}
}

	gorm.Dialector
}

type printSQLLogger struct {
	logger.Interface
}

func (l *printSQLLogger) Trace(ctx context.Context, begin time.Time, fc func() (sql string, rowsAffected int64), err error) {
	sql, _ := fc()
	fmt.Println(sql + ";")
	l.Interface.Trace(ctx, begin, fc, err)
}

// GormDataTypeInterface gorm data type interface
type GormDataTypeInterface interface {
	GormDBDataType(*gorm.DB, *schema.Field) string
}

//
// [docs]: https://gorm.io/docs/sql_builder.html#Clauses
func (db *DB) Clauses(conds ...clause.Expression) (tx *DB) {
	tx = db.getInstance()
	var whereConds []interface{}

	for _, cond := range conds {
		if c, ok := cond.(clause.Interface); ok {
			tx.Statement.AddClause(c)
		} else if optimizer, ok := cond.(StatementModifier); ok {
			optimizer.ModifyStatement(tx.Statement)
		} else {

		switch values := db.Statement.Dest.(type) {
		case map[string]interface{}:
			values[pkFieldName] = insertID
		case *map[string]interface{}:
			(*values)[pkFieldName] = insertID
		case []map[string]interface{}, *[]map[string]interface{}:
			mapValues, ok := values.([]map[string]interface{})
			if !ok {
				if v, ok := values.(*[]map[string]interface{}); ok {
					if *v != nil {
						mapValues = *v
					}
				}

		t.Errorf("Table with escape character, got %v", r.Statement.SQL.String())
	}

	AssertEqual(t, r.Statement.Vars, []interface{}{2, 4, 1, 3})
}

func TestTableWithAllFields(t *testing.T) {
	dryDB := DB.Session(&gorm.Session{DryRun: true, QueryFields: true})

//			"k5.k6": {"arg4"},
//		},
//	}
func parsePreloadMap(s *schema.Schema, preloads map[string][]interface{}) map[string]map[string][]interface{} {
	preloadMap := map[string]map[string][]interface{}{}
	setPreloadMap := func(name, value string, args []interface{}) {
		if _, ok := preloadMap[name]; !ok {
			preloadMap[name] = map[string][]interface{}{}
		}
		if value != "" {
			preloadMap[name][value] = args
		}
	}

		t.Errorf("failed to create org, got err: %v", err)
	}

	tests := []struct {
		name     string
		preloads map[string][]interface{}
		expect   Org
	}{
		{
			name:     "address country",
			preloads: map[string][]interface{}{"Address.Country": {}},
			expect: Org{
				ID: org.ID,
				PostalAddress: EmbeddedAddress{
					ID:        org.PostalAddress.ID,

		field.ValueOf = func(ctx context.Context, value reflect.Value) (interface{}, bool) {
			fieldValue := reflect.Indirect(value).Field(fieldIndex)
			return fieldValue.Interface(), fieldValue.IsZero()
		}
	default:
		field.ValueOf = func(ctx context.Context, v reflect.Value) (interface{}, bool) {
			v = reflect.Indirect(v)
			for _, fieldIdx := range field.StructField.Index {