assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"alias": "Foo"}


def test_read_model_by_alias():
    response = client.get("/by-alias/model")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"alias": "Foo"}


def test_read_list_by_alias():
    response = client.get("/by-alias/list")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

### `response_model` Priority

If you declare both a return type and a `response_model`, the `response_model` will take priority and be used by FastAPI.

    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"item_id": "plumbus", "name": "The great Plumbus"}


def test_put_forbidden(client: TestClient):
    response = client.put(
        "/items/bar?token=jessica", headers={"X-Token": "fake-super-secret-token"}
    )
    assert response.status_code == 403, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "You can only update the item: plumbus"}

    )
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"item_id": "plumbus", "name": "The great Plumbus"}


@needs_py39
def test_put_forbidden(client: TestClient):
    response = client.put(
        "/items/bar?token=jessica", headers={"X-Token": "fake-super-secret-token"}
    )
    assert response.status_code == 403, response.text

@needs_pydanticv1
def test_openapi_schema_pv1(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",
        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
        "paths": {
            "/items/{item_id}": {
                "get": {
                    "responses": {
                        "200": {

def test_no_token():
    response = client.get("/users/me")
    assert response.status_code == 401, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Not authenticated"}
    assert response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] == "Bearer"


def test_token():
    access_token = get_access_token(scope="me")
    response = client.get(

    with patch("json.loads", side_effect=Exception):
        response = client.post("/items/", json={"test": "test2"})
        assert response.status_code == 400, response.text


@needs_py310
def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",

    with patch("json.loads", side_effect=Exception):
        response = client.post("/items/", json={"test": "test2"})
        assert response.status_code == 400, response.text


def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",

    ```

Notice that the *path operations* define the models they use for request payload and response payload, using the models `Item` and `ResponseMessage`.

### API Docs

If you go to the API docs, you will see that it has the **schemas** for the data to be sent in requests and received in responses:

<img src="/img/tutorial/generate-clients/image01.png">

```JSON
{"message": "Oops! yolo did something. There goes a rainbow..."}
```

!!! note "技術詳細"
    また、`from starlette.requests import Request`と`from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`を使用することもできます。

    **FastAPI** は開発者の利便性を考慮して、`fastapi.responses`と同じ`starlette.responses`を提供しています。しかし、利用可能なレスポンスのほとんどはStarletteから直接提供されます。これは`Request`と同じです。

## デフォルトの例外ハンドラのオーバーライド

**FastAPI** にはいくつかのデフォルトの例外ハンドラがあります。