reflectValue = db.Statement.ReflectValue
		)

		if reflectValue.Kind() == reflect.Interface {
			reflectValue = reflectValue.Elem()
		}

		reflectValueType := reflectValue.Type()
		switch reflectValueType.Kind() {
		case reflect.Array, reflect.Slice:
			reflectValueType = reflectValueType.Elem()
		}
		isPtr := reflectValueType.Kind() == reflect.Ptr
		if isPtr {
			reflectValueType = reflectValueType.Elem()

	type Profile struct {
		gorm.Model
		Name         string
		Kind         string
		ProfileRefer uint
	}

	type User struct {
		gorm.Model
		Profiles []Profile `gorm:"many2many:user_profiles;foreignKey:Refer,Kind;joinForeignKey:UserRefer,Kind;References:ProfileRefer,Kind;joinReferences:ProfileR,Kind"`
		Kind     string
		Refer    uint
	}

	checkStructRelation(t, &User{}, Relation{

		t.Fatalf("failed to query data after create from slice of map, got error %v", err)
	}

	var res3 map[string]interface{}
	if err := DB.Table("users").Select([]string{"id", "name", "age"}).Where("name = ?", "create_from_map_with_table_3").Find(&res3).Error; err != nil || res3["age"] != int64(20) {

			}
		default:
			if pkField == nil {
				return
			}

			switch db.Statement.ReflectValue.Kind() {
			case reflect.Slice, reflect.Array:
				if config.LastInsertIDReversed {
					for i := db.Statement.ReflectValue.Len() - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
						rv := db.Statement.ReflectValue.Index(i)
						if reflect.Indirect(rv).Kind() != reflect.Struct {
							break
						}

// [docs] for more depth.
//
//	// add a simple limit clause
//	db.Clauses(clause.Limit{Limit: 1}).Find(&User{})
//	// tell the optimizer to use the `idx_user_name` index
//	db.Clauses(hints.UseIndex("idx_user_name")).Find(&User{})
//	// specify the lock strength to UPDATE
//	db.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: "UPDATE"}).Find(&users)
//
// [docs]: https://gorm.io/docs/sql_builder.html#Clauses

	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"reflect"
	"regexp"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
	"gorm.io/gorm/logger"
	"gorm.io/gorm/schema"
)

// This regular expression seeks to find a sequence of digits (\d+) among zero or more non-digit characters (\D*),
// with a possible trailing non-digit character (\D?).

// For example, values that can pass this regular expression are:
// - "123"
// - "abc456"

func TestTable(t *testing.T) {
	dryDB := DB.Session(&gorm.Session{DryRun: true})

	r := dryDB.Table("`user`").Find(&User{}).Statement
	if !regexp.MustCompile("SELECT \\* FROM `user`").MatchString(r.Statement.SQL.String()) {
		t.Errorf("Table with escape character, got %v", r.Statement.SQL.String())
	}

	r = dryDB.Table("user as u").Select("name").Find(&User{}).Statement

				switch rv := db.Statement.ReflectValue; rv.Kind() {
				case reflect.Slice, reflect.Array:
					if rv.Len() > 0 {
						reflectValue := rel.FieldSchema.MakeSlice().Elem()
						reflectValue.SetLen(rv.Len())
						for i := 0; i < rv.Len(); i++ {
							frv := rel.Field.ReflectValueOf(db.Statement.Context, rv.Index(i))
							if frv.Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
								reflectValue.Index(i).Set(frv.Addr())

		t.Fatalf("errors happened when create: %v", err)
	}

	var user2 User
	DB.Preload("Pets.Toy").Find(&user2, "id = ?", user.ID)
	CheckUser(t, user2, user)

	var user3 User
	DB.Preload(clause.Associations+"."+clause.Associations).Find(&user3, "id = ?", user.ID)
	CheckUser(t, user3, user)

	var user4 *User
	DB.Preload("Pets.Toy").Find(&user4, "id = ?", user.ID)
	CheckUser(t, *user4, user)
}

		fieldStruct.Anonymous && (field.Creatable || field.Updatable || field.Readable)) {
		kind := reflect.Indirect(fieldValue).Kind()
		switch kind {
		case reflect.Struct:
			var err error
			field.Creatable = false
			field.Updatable = false
			field.Readable = false

			cacheStore := &sync.Map{}