needed by API systems is data "<abbr title="also called marshalling, conversion">serialization</abbr>" which is taking data from the code (Python) and converting it into something that can be sent through the network. For example, converting an object containing data from a database into a JSON object. Converting `datetime` objects into strings, etc.

Another big feature needed by APIs is data validation, making sure that the data is valid, given certain parameters. For example, that some...

# Python Types Intro

Python has support for optional "type hints" (also called "type annotations").

These **"type hints"** or annotations are a special syntax that allow declaring the <abbr title="for example: str, int, float, bool">type</abbr> of a variable.

By declaring types for your variables, editors and tools can give you better support.

That way, you can edit the documentation/source files and see the changes live.

!!! tip
    Alternatively, you can perform the same steps that scripts does manually.

    Go into the language directory, for the main docs in English it's at `docs/en/`:

    ```console
    $ cd docs/en/
    ```

    Then run `mkdocs` in that directory:

    ```console

## Opinie

"_[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products._"

## Recensioni

"_[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products._"

## Use `Annotated` in the type for the `q` parameter

Remember I told you before that `Annotated` can be used to add metadata to your parameters in the [Python Types Intro](../python-types.md#type-hints-with-metadata-annotations){.internal-link target=_blank}?

Now it's the time to use it with FastAPI. 🚀

We had this type annotation:

=== "Python 3.10+"

    ```Python

# Alternatives, inspiration et comparaisons

Ce qui a inspiré **FastAPI**, comment il se compare à d'autres solutions et ce qu'il en a appris.

## Intro

**FastAPI** n'existerait pas sans les précédentes contributions d'autres projets.

De nombreux outils ont été créés auparavant et ont contribué à inspirer sa création.

J'ai évité la création d'un nouveau framework pendant plusieurs années. J'ai d'abord essayé de combler toutes les

## Password hashing

"Hashing" means converting some content (a password in this case) into a sequence of bytes (just a string) that looks like gibberish.

Whenever you pass exactly the same content (exactly the same password) you get exactly the same gibberish.

## Vélemények

"_[...] I'm using **FastAPI** a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's **ML services at Microsoft**. Some of them are getting integrated into the core **Windows** product and some **Office** products._"

│   └── internal
│       ├── __init__.py
│       └── admin.py
```

!!! tip
    There are several `__init__.py` files: one in each directory or subdirectory.

    This is what allows importing code from one file into another.

    For example, in `app/main.py` you could have a line like:

    ```
    from app.routers import items
    ```