for param in parameters
                    if param.get("required")
                }
                # Make sure required definitions of the same parameter take precedence
                # over non-required definitions
                all_parameters.update(required_parameters)
                operation["parameters"] = list(all_parameters.values())
            if method in METHODS_WITH_BODY:

try:
    import email_validator

    assert email_validator  # make autoflake ignore the unused import
    from pydantic import EmailStr
except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover

    class EmailStr(str):  # type: ignore
        @classmethod
        def __get_validators__(cls) -> Iterable[Callable[..., Any]]:
            yield cls.validate

        @classmethod

    try:
        from pydantic_core.core_schema import (
            with_info_plain_validator_function as with_info_plain_validator_function,
        )
    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
        from pydantic_core.core_schema import (
            general_plain_validator_function as with_info_plain_validator_function,  # noqa: F401
        )

    Required = PydanticUndefined

    app = FastAPI()
    with pytest.raises(FastAPIError) as e:

        @app.get("/")
        def read_root() -> Union[Response, None]:
            return Response(content="Foo")  # pragma: no cover

    assert "valid Pydantic field type" in e.value.args[0]
    assert "parameter response_model=None" in e.value.args[0]


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")