public static int checkedSubtract(int a, int b) {
    long result = (long) a - b;
    checkNoOverflow(result == (int) result, "checkedSubtract", a, b);
    return (int) result;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the product of {@code a} and {@code b}, provided it does not overflow.
   *
   * @throws ArithmeticException if {@code a * b} overflows in signed {@code int} arithmetic
   */
  public static int checkedMultiply(int a, int b) {