for (; idx < encodedLen; idx++) {
      c = encoded.charAt(idx);

      if (c == '&' || c == '?' || c == '!' || c == ':' || c == ',') {
        break;
      }
    }

    stack.push(reverse(encoded.subSequence(start, idx)));

    if (c == '!' || c == '?' || c == ':' || c == ',') {
      // '!' represents an interior node that represents a REGISTRY entry in the map.