@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items():
    return [{"item_id": "Foo"}]


def use_route_names_as_operation_ids(app: FastAPI) -> None:
    """
    Simplify operation IDs so that generated API clients have simpler function
    names.

    Should be called only after all routes have been added.
    """
    for route in app.routes:
        if isinstance(route, APIRoute):

import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Phantom reference with a {@code finalizeReferent()} method which a background thread invokes
 * after the garbage collector reclaims the referent. This is a simpler alternative to using a
 * {@link ReferenceQueue}.
 *
 * <p>Unlike a normal phantom reference, this reference will be cleared automatically.
 *
 * @author Bob Lee
 * @since 2.0
 */
@J2ktIncompatible

   * already been re-added.
   */
  // Technically should accept RemovalNotification<? extends K, ? extends V>, but because
  // RemovalNotification is guaranteed covariant, let's make users' lives simpler.
  void onRemoval(RemovalNotification<K, V> notification);

When you check the benchmarks, it is common to see several tools of different types compared as equivalent.

Specifically, to see Uvicorn, Starlette and FastAPI compared together (among many other tools).

The simpler the problem solved by the tool, the better performance it will get. And most of the benchmarks don't test the additional features provided by the tool.

The hierarchy is like:

* **Uvicorn**: an ASGI server

      Class<?> value) {
    forward.put(key, value);
    backward.put(value, key);
  }

  /**
   * Returns an immutable set of all nine primitive types (including {@code void}). Note that a
   * simpler way to test whether a {@code Class} instance is a member of this set is to call {@link
   * Class#isPrimitive}.
   *
   * @since 3.0
   */
  public static Set<Class<?>> allPrimitiveTypes() {

 * thought of as overkill; however, it's difficult to determine which proper subset of this massive
 * set would be sufficient to expose any possible bug. Brute force is simpler.
 *
 * <p>To use this class the concrete subclass must implement the {@link
 * IteratorTester#newTargetIterator()} method. This is because it's impossible to test an Iterator

 * Doing it correctly would require running a Gradle build with the full
 * distribution and extracting the generated api jar from its Gradle user home,
 * slowing down building documentation.
 *
 * All this would be so much simpler if the Kotlin extensions to the Gradle API
 * were generated at build time instead.
 *
 * This is a first step to get the doc to be complete and will be revisited.
 */
@CacheableTask

 * thought of as overkill; however, it's difficult to determine which proper subset of this massive
 * set would be sufficient to expose any possible bug. Brute force is simpler.
 *
 * <p>To use this class the concrete subclass must implement the {@link
 * IteratorTester#newTargetIterator()} method. This is because it's impossible to test an Iterator

This new `examples` field in JSON Schema is **just a `list`** of examples, not a dict with extra metadata as in the other places in OpenAPI (described above).

/// info

Even after OpenAPI 3.1.0 was released with this new simpler integration with JSON Schema, for a while, Swagger UI, the tool that provides the automatic docs, didn't support OpenAPI 3.1.0 (it does since version 5.0.0 🎉).

```Python
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

app = SomeASGIApp()

new_app = UnicornMiddleware(app, some_config="rainbow")
```

But FastAPI (actually Starlette) provides a simpler way to do it that makes sure that the internal middlewares handle server errors and custom exception handlers work properly.

For that, you use `app.add_middleware()` (as in the example for CORS).

```Python