<img src="/img/tutorial/dependencies/image02.png">

## Shortcut { #shortcut }

But you see that we are having some code repetition here, writing `CommonQueryParams` twice:

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python
commons: Annotated[CommonQueryParams, Depends(CommonQueryParams)]
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+ non-Annotated

 *  * [onHeaders] (unless canceled)
 *  * [onData] (optional sequence of data frames)
 *
 * As a stream ID is scoped to a single HTTP/2 connection, implementations which target multiple
 * connections should expect repetition of stream IDs.
 *
 * Return true to request cancellation of a pushed stream.  Note that this does not guarantee
 * future frames won't arrive on the stream ID.
 */
interface PushObserver {
  /**

* Have shared logic (the same code logic again and again).
* Share database connections.
* Enforce security, authentication, role requirements, etc.
* And many other things...

All these, while minimizing code repetition.

## First Steps { #first-steps }

Let's see a very simple example. It will be so simple that it is not very useful, for now.

But this way we can focus on how the **Dependency Injection** system works.

 * </ul>
 *
 * @author Jim McMaster
 * @author Jige Yu
 * @since 10.0
 */
@GwtCompatible
@NullMarked
public final class EqualsTester {
  private static final int REPETITIONS = 3;

  private final List<List<Object>> equalityGroups = new ArrayList<>();
  private final RelationshipTester.ItemReporter itemReporter;

  /** Constructs an empty EqualsTester instance */
  public EqualsTester() {

 * to explicitly add another equivalence group.
 *
 * @author Gregory Kick
 * @since 10.0
 */
@GwtCompatible
@NullMarked
public final class EquivalenceTester<T> {
  private static final int REPETITIONS = 3;

  private final Equivalence<? super T> equivalence;
  private final RelationshipTester<T> delegate;
  private final List<T> items = new ArrayList<>();

<img src="/img/tutorial/dependencies/image02.png">

## Atajo

Pero ves que estamos teniendo algo de repetición de código aquí, escribiendo `CommonQueryParams` dos veces:

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python
commons: Annotated[CommonQueryParams, Depends(CommonQueryParams)]
```

////

 * </ul>
 *
 * @author Jim McMaster
 * @author Jige Yu
 * @since 10.0
 */
@GwtCompatible
@NullMarked
public final class EqualsTester {
  private static final int REPETITIONS = 3;

  private final List<List<Object>> equalityGroups = new ArrayList<>();
  private final RelationshipTester.ItemReporter itemReporter;

  /** Constructs an empty EqualsTester instance */
  public EqualsTester() {

* Compartir conexiones a bases de datos.
* Imponer seguridad, autenticación, requisitos de roles, etc.
* Y muchas otras cosas...

Todo esto, mientras minimizas la repetición de código.

## Primeros Pasos

Veamos un ejemplo muy simple. Será tan simple que no es muy útil, por ahora.

Pero de esta manera podemos enfocarnos en cómo funciona el sistema de **Inyección de Dependencias**.