// Test with a negative value, expecting it to be masked to a positive byte
        NdrSmall ndrSmall = new NdrSmall(-1); // -1 & 0xFF = 255
        assertEquals(255, ndrSmall.value, "Negative value should be masked to its unsigned byte equivalent.");
    }

    @Test
    void testConstructor_overflowValue() {
        // Test with a value exceeding byte range, expecting it to be masked

    }

    /**
     * Validate that the constructor masks the supplied value to its
     * lowest 8 bits (NdrShort incorrectly masks to 8 bits even though it's a short).
     */
    @ParameterizedTest
    @ValueSource(ints = { 0, 1, 255, -1, 256, 65535 })
    void constructorMasksValue(int input) {
        NdrShort ns = new NdrShort(input);
        // NdrShort masks to 0xFF (8 bits) in its constructor
        int expected = input & 0xFF;

    /**
     * The small integer value (0-255)
     */
    public int value;

    /**
     * Constructs an NdrSmall with the specified value
     * @param value the small integer value (will be masked to 0-255 range)
     */
    public NdrSmall(final int value) {
        this.value = value & 0xFF;
    }

    @Override
    public void encode(final NdrBuffer dst) throws NdrException {

            }
        }
        return len;
    }

    /**
     * Masks sensitive values in a string for security purposes.
     *
     * @param value the string potentially containing sensitive information
     * @return the string with sensitive parts masked, or the original string if masking is disabled
     */
    public static String maskSecretValue(final String value) {

    /**
     * The small integer value (0-255)
     */
    public int value;

    /**
     * Constructs an NdrSmall with the specified value
     * @param value the small integer value (will be masked to 0-255 range)
     */
    public NdrSmall(final int value) {
        this.value = value & 0xFF;
    }

    @Override
    public void encode(final NdrBuffer dst) throws NdrException {

            });
        }
        return itemList;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if a property value should be masked for security reasons.
     *
     * @param key the property key to check
     * @return true if the value should be masked, false otherwise
     */
    protected static boolean isMaskedValue(final String key) {
        return "http.proxy.password".equals(key) //

    #   o environmentMap: map of environment files, the value is dir path (NotRequired)
    #   o diffIgnoredKeyList: list of ignored keys for differences (NotRequired)
    #   o maskedKeyList: list of masked keys for security (NotRequired)
    #   o isEnvOnlyFloatLeft: is it environment only? (and show as float-left?) (NotRequired)
    #   o extendsPropRequest: other request name of exnteds-properties (NotRequired)

        return newInputs != null && newOutput != null;
    }

    /**
     * Checks whether this mapping item is marked for deletion.
     * An item is considered deleted if it has updates pending and the new inputs array is empty.
     *
     * @return true if the item is marked for deletion
     */
    public boolean isDeleted() {
        return isUpdated() && newInputs.length == 0;
    }

    /**

    /**
     * Ensure encode throws NPE when passed a null buffer.
     */
    @Test
    @DisplayName("Encode with null buffer throws NullPointerException")
    public void testEncodeNullBuffer() throws NdrException {
        NdrHyper hyper = new NdrHyper(5L);
        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> hyper.encode(null));
    }

    /**
     * Ensure decode throws NPE when passed a null buffer.
     */
    @Test

            assertEquals(2, pair.length, String.format("Error mapping at index %d should contain two integers", i));
        }
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Known DOS error is correctly mapped to NTSTATUS")
    void testKnownMapping() {
        final int dosErr = 0x00010001;
        final int expectedNt = 0xc0000002;
        Optional<Integer> actual = findNtStatus(dosErr);