// We verify that the constructor throws an exception, which indirectly tests the desired logic.
        assertThrows(PACDecodingException.class, () -> new PacCredentialType(null));
    }

    /**
     * Tests the isCredentialTypeCorrect method with a byte array of exact minimal buffer size.
     * This test is also indirect.
     */
    @Test
    void testIsCredentialTypeCorrectWithExactSizeData() {

# Return a Response Directly { #return-a-response-directly }

When you create a **FastAPI** *path operation* you can normally return any data from it: a `dict`, a `list`, a Pydantic model, a database model, etc.

By default, **FastAPI** would automatically convert that return value to JSON using the `jsonable_encoder` explained in [JSON Compatible Encoder](../tutorial/encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

Up to now, you have been declaring the parts of the request that you need with their types.

Taking data from:

* The path as parameters.
* Headers.
* Cookies.
* etc.

And by doing so, **FastAPI** is validating that data, converting it and generating documentation for your API automatically.

But there are situations where you might need to access the `Request` object directly.

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