result = len > used ? used : len;
            if (used > i && result > i) {
                System.arraycopy(pipe_buf, beg_idx, b, off, i);
                off += i;
                System.arraycopy(pipe_buf, 0, b, off, result - i);
            } else {
                System.arraycopy(pipe_buf, beg_idx, b, off, result);
            }
            used -= result;

      String[] prefix = {"f", "g"};
      String[] suffix = {"h", "i"};

      String[] all = new String[2 + elements.length + 2];
      arraycopy(prefix, 0, all, 0, 2);
      arraycopy(elements, 0, all, 2, elements.length);
      arraycopy(suffix, 0, all, 2 + elements.length, 2);

      return ImmutableList.copyOf(all).subList(2, elements.length + 2);
    }
  }

        byte[] buffer2 = new byte[100];

        System.arraycopy(firstData, 0, buffer1, 0, firstData.length);
        System.arraycopy(secondData, 0, buffer2, 0, secondData.length);

        // First read
        response.readDataWireFormat(buffer1, 0, firstData.length);
        byte[] firstResult = new byte[firstData.length];
        System.arraycopy(outputBuffer, 0, firstResult, 0, firstData.length);

        if (nonce.length == 12) {
            // For CCM cipher, pad nonce to 16 bytes with zeros
            System.arraycopy(nonce, 0, this.nonce, 0, 12);
            // Last 4 bytes remain zero-initialized
        } else if (nonce.length == 16) {
            // For GCM cipher, use full 16-byte nonce
            System.arraycopy(nonce, 0, this.nonce, 0, 16);
        } else {

        // Verify customData part
        byte[] actualCustomData = new byte[8];
        System.arraycopy(value, 8, actualCustomData, 0, 8);
        assertArrayEquals(customData, actualCustomData);

        // Verify machineId part
        byte[] actualMachineId = new byte[32];
        System.arraycopy(value, 16, actualMachineId, 0, 32);
        assertArrayEquals(machineId, actualMachineId);
    }

    /**

      String[] prefix = {"f", "g"};
      String[] suffix = {"h", "i"};

      String[] all = new String[2 + elements.length + 2];
      arraycopy(prefix, 0, all, 0, 2);
      arraycopy(elements, 0, all, 2, elements.length);
      arraycopy(suffix, 0, all, 2 + elements.length, 2);

      return ImmutableList.copyOf(all).subList(2, elements.length + 2);
    }
  }

    int strCopyLen = len;
    int pos = 0;
    while (count != 0) {
      if ((count & 1) != 0) {
        System.arraycopy(strCopy, 0, array, pos, strCopyLen);
        pos += strCopyLen;
      }
      count >>= 1;
      if (count != 0) {
        System.arraycopy(strCopy, 0, strCopy, strCopyLen, strCopyLen);
        strCopyLen <<= 1;
      }
    }
    return new String(array);
  }

  @Benchmark

        // The error should occur when System.arraycopy is called.
        ByteEncodable encodable = new ByteEncodable(data, 1, 2); // off=1, len=2, data.length=2. 1+2 > 2

        byte[] dest = new byte[5];

        // Expect IndexOutOfBoundsException from System.arraycopy
        assertThrows(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> {
            encodable.encode(dest, 0);

        System.arraycopy("SHARE1".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII), 0, data, 0, 6);
        data[14] = 0x00;
        data[15] = 0x00; // type = 0
        data[16] = 40;
        data[17] = 0;
        data[18] = 0;
        data[19] = 0; // remark offset

        // Entry 2: IPC$, type 3 (IPC), remark "Inter-Process Communication"

    void testReadDataWireFormatWithValidLength() throws SMBProtocolDecodingException {
        // Prepare test data
        byte[] sourceData = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
        byte[] buffer = new byte[100];
        System.arraycopy(sourceData, 0, buffer, 10, sourceData.length);

        // Execute
        int result = response.readDataWireFormat(buffer, 10, sourceData.length);

        // Verify
        assertEquals(sourceData.length, result);