// row. They have an output for each input row.
//
// Some types of a queries are not valid. For example, an aggregation
// function combined with a row function is meaningless ("AVG(s.Age) +
// s.Salary"). Analysis determines if such a scenario exists so an
// error can be returned.

var (
	// Fatal error for query processing.
	errNestedAggregation      = errors.New("Cannot nest aggregations")

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import AfterValidator

app = FastAPI()

data = {
    "isbn-9781529046137": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy",
    "imdb-tt0371724": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy",
    "isbn-9781439512982": "Isaac Asimov: The Complete Stories, Vol. 2",
}


def check_valid_id(id: str):
    if not id.startswith(("isbn-", "imdb-")):

import random
from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import AfterValidator

app = FastAPI()

data = {
    "isbn-9781529046137": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy",
    "imdb-tt0371724": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy",
    "isbn-9781439512982": "Isaac Asimov: The Complete Stories, Vol. 2",
}


def check_valid_id(id: str):
    if not id.startswith(("isbn-", "imdb-")):

        }
    ]
}
```

## Zusammenfassung { #summary }

Sie können **Pydantic-Modelle** verwenden, um **Query-Parameter** in **FastAPI** zu deklarieren. 😎

/// tip | Tipp

Spoiler-Alarm: Sie können auch Pydantic-Modelle verwenden, um Cookies und Header zu deklarieren, aber darüber werden Sie später im Tutorial lesen. 🤫

    response = client.get("/items?id=isbn-9781529046137")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "id": "isbn-9781529046137",
        "name": "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy",
    }


def test_get_item_does_not_exist(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/items?id=isbn-nope")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text