*/
    public static final String INVALID_CONFORMANCE = "invalid array conformance";

    /**
     * Constructs an NdrException with the specified error message.
     *
     * @param msg the error message
     */
    public NdrException(final String msg) {
        super(msg);
    }

     */
    public static final String INVALID_CONFORMANCE = "invalid array conformance";

    /**
     * Constructs an NdrException with the specified error message.
     *
     * @param msg the error message
     */
    public NdrException(final String msg) {
        super(msg);
    }

     * Ensures that the exception is created with the correct message.
     */
    @Test
    void testConstructorWithMessage() {
        String testMessage = "This is a test message for NdrException.";
        NdrException exception = new NdrException(testMessage);
        assertEquals(testMessage, exception.getMessage(), "The exception message should match the input message.");
    }

    /**
     * Test the NO_NULL_REF static field.

        @Override
        public void encode(NdrBuffer dst) throws NdrException {
            if (throwOnEncode) {
                throw new NdrException("Failed to encode");
            }
            // Simulate some encoding activity on the buffer
            dst.enc_ndr_long(123);
        }

        @Override
        public void decode(NdrBuffer src) throws NdrException {
            if (throwOnDecode) {

     * @throws NdrException if encoding fails
     */
    public abstract void encode_in(NdrBuffer buf) throws NdrException;

    /**
     * Decode the output parameters from this DCERPC message.
     * @param buf the buffer to decode from
     * @throws NdrException if decoding fails
     */
    public abstract void decode_out(NdrBuffer buf) throws NdrException;

     * @throws NdrException if encoding fails
     */
    public abstract void encode_in(NdrBuffer buf) throws NdrException;

    /**
     * Decode the output parameters from this DCERPC message.
     * @param buf the buffer to decode from
     * @throws NdrException if decoding fails
     */
    public abstract void decode_out(NdrBuffer buf) throws NdrException;

    public void testEncodeNullBuffer() throws NdrException {
        NdrHyper hyper = new NdrHyper(5L);
        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> hyper.encode(null));
    }

    /**
     * Ensure decode throws NPE when passed a null buffer.
     */
    @Test
    @DisplayName("Decode with null buffer throws NullPointerException")
    public void testDecodeNullBuffer() throws NdrException {
        NdrHyper hyper = new NdrHyper(0L);

     * @throws NdrException if decoding fails
     */
    protected abstract void decodeWitnessParameters(NdrBuffer buf) throws NdrException;

    @Override
    public void encode_in(NdrBuffer buf) throws NdrException {
        encodeWitnessParameters(buf);
    }

    @Override
    public void decode_out(NdrBuffer buf) throws NdrException {
        decodeWitnessParameters(buf);

     * @throws NdrException if encoding fails
     */
    public abstract void encode(NdrBuffer dst) throws NdrException;

    /**
     * Decodes this NDR object from the specified buffer
     * @param src the source buffer for decoding
     * @throws NdrException if decoding fails
     */
    public abstract void decode(NdrBuffer src) throws NdrException;

     * @throws NdrException if encoding fails
     */
    public abstract void encode(NdrBuffer dst) throws NdrException;

    /**
     * Decodes this NDR object from the specified buffer
     * @param src the source buffer for decoding
     * @throws NdrException if decoding fails
     */
    public abstract void decode(NdrBuffer src) throws NdrException;