package clause

// Interface clause interface
type Interface interface {
	Name() string
	Build(Builder)
	MergeClause(*Clause)
}

// ClauseBuilder clause builder, allows to customize how to build clause
type ClauseBuilder func(Clause, Builder)

type Writer interface {
	WriteByte(byte) error
	WriteString(string) (int, error)
}

// Builder builder interface
type Builder interface {
	Writer
	WriteQuoted(field interface{})

package clause_test

import (
	"reflect"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"testing"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
	"gorm.io/gorm/schema"
	"gorm.io/gorm/utils/tests"
)

var db, _ = gorm.Open(tests.DummyDialector{}, nil)

func checkBuildClauses(t *testing.T, clauses []clause.Interface, result string, vars []interface{}) {
	var (
		buildNames    []string
		buildNamesMap = map[string]bool{}

		message:    "Invalid argument given to the LIKE clause in the SQL expression.",
		statusCode: 400,
		cause:      err,
	}
}

func errQueryParseFailure(err error) *s3Error {
	return &s3Error{
		code:       "ParseSelectFailure",
		message:    err.Error(),
		statusCode: 400,
		cause:      err,
	}
}

func errQueryAnalysisFailure(err error) *s3Error {
	return &s3Error{

package tests_test

import (
	"errors"
	"testing"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
	. "gorm.io/gorm/utils/tests"
)

func TestDelete(t *testing.T) {
	users := []User{*GetUser("delete", Config{}), *GetUser("delete", Config{}), *GetUser("delete", Config{})}

	if err := DB.Create(&users).Error; err != nil {
		t.Errorf("errors happened when create: %v", err)
	}

	for _, user := range users {
		if user.ID == 0 {

```

The wrapper will handle all serialization and de-seralization of the request and response,
and furthermore provides reuse of the structs used for the request and response.

Note that Responses sent for serialization are automatically reused for similar requests.
If the response contains shared data it will cause issues, since each unique response is reused.
To disable this behavior, use `(SingleHandler).WithSharedResponse()` to disable it.

			"SELECT * FROM `users` FOR SHARE OF `users`", nil,
		},
		{
			[]clause.Interface{clause.Select{}, clause.From{}, clause.Locking{Strength: clause.LockingStrengthUpdate, Options: clause.LockingOptionsNoWait}},
			"SELECT * FROM `users` FOR UPDATE NOWAIT", nil,
		},
		{

	}, {
		Expressions: []clause.Expression{
			clause.Neq{Column: column, Value: nil},
			clause.Neq{Column: column, Value: (*string)(nil)},
			clause.Neq{Column: column, Value: (*int)(nil)},
			clause.Neq{Column: column, Value: (*bool)(nil)},
			clause.Neq{Column: column, Value: (interface{})(nil)},
		},
		Result: "`column-name` IS NOT NULL",
	}, {
		Expressions: []clause.Expression{

package clause

// GroupBy group by clause
type GroupBy struct {
	Columns []Column
	Having  []Expression
}

// Name from clause name
func (groupBy GroupBy) Name() string {
	return "GROUP BY"
}

// Build build group by clause
func (groupBy GroupBy) Build(builder Builder) {
	for idx, column := range groupBy.Columns {
		if idx > 0 {
			builder.WriteByte(',')
		}

		builder.WriteQuoted(column)
	}

package clause_test

import (
	"fmt"
	"testing"

	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
)

func TestDelete(t *testing.T) {
	results := []struct {
		Clauses []clause.Interface
		Result  string
		Vars    []interface{}
	}{
		{
			[]clause.Interface{clause.Delete{}, clause.From{}},
			"DELETE FROM `users`", nil,
		},
		{
			[]clause.Interface{clause.Delete{Modifier: "LOW_PRIORITY"}, clause.From{}},

package clause_test

import (
	"fmt"
	"sort"
	"strings"
	"testing"

	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
)

func TestSet(t *testing.T) {
	results := []struct {
		Clauses []clause.Interface
		Result  string
		Vars    []interface{}
	}{
		{
			[]clause.Interface{
				clause.Update{},
				clause.Set([]clause.Assignment{{clause.PrimaryColumn, 1}}),
			},
			"UPDATE `users` SET `users`.`id`=?",
			[]interface{}{1},
		},