private TestUtils() {
        // Utility class
    }

    /**
     * Creates a mock UpgradeContext with default settings.
     *
     * @return a mock UpgradeContext
     */
    public static UpgradeContext createMockContext() {
        return createMockContext(Paths.get("/project"));
    }

    /**
     * Creates a mock UpgradeContext with the specified working directory.
     *

/**
 * Assists in the handling of model problems.
 *
 * @author Benjamin Bentmann
 */
public class ModelProblemUtils {

    /**
     * Creates a user-friendly source hint for the specified model.
     *
     * @param model The model to create a source hint for, may be {@code null}.
     * @return The user-friendly source hint, never {@code null}.
     */
    static String toSourceHint(Model model) {

	}
	// cleaning up the backend by removing all the directories and files created on function return.
	defer removeRoots(disks)

	// uses *testing.B and the object Layer to run the benchmark.
	runPutObjectPartBenchmark(b, objLayer, objSize)
}

// creates Erasure/FS backend setup, obtains the object layer and calls the runPutObjectBenchmark function.

     */
    private final String artifactId;

    /**
     * The version of the unresolvable model.
     */
    private final String version;

    /**
     * Creates a new exception with specified detail message and cause.
     *
     * @param message The detail message, may be {@code null}.
     * @param groupId The group id of the unresolvable model, may be {@code null}.

    private List<Server> servers;

    private List<Proxy> proxies;

    /**
     * Creates an empty request.
     */
    public DefaultSettingsDecryptionRequest() {
        // does nothing
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new request to decrypt the specified settings.
     *
     * @param settings The settings to decrypt, must not be {@code null}.
     */

  Optional<Integer> expectedNodeCount = Optional.absent();

  /**
   * Creates a new instance with the specified edge directionality.
   *
   * @param directed if true, creates an instance for graphs whose edges are each directed; if
   *     false, creates an instance for graphs whose edges are each undirected.
   */
  AbstractGraphBuilder(boolean directed) {
    this.directed = directed;

    /**
     * Creates a new build summary for the specified project.
     *
     * @param project The project being summarized, must not be {@code null}.
     * @param time The build time of the project in milliseconds.
     */
    public BuildSuccess(MavenProject project, long time) {
        this(project, Duration.ofMillis(time));
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new build summary for the specified project.

     */
    private final int lineNumber;

    /**
     * The one-based index of the column containing the error.
     */
    private final int columnNumber;

    /**
     * Creates a new parser exception with the specified details.
     *
     * @param message The error message, may be {@code null}.
     * @param lineNumber The one-based index of the line containing the error or {@code -1} if unknown.

    @Nullable
    Path getPath();

    /**
     * Creates a new input stream to read the source contents.
     * Each call creates a fresh stream starting from the beginning.
     * The caller is responsible for closing the returned stream.
     *
     * @return a new input stream positioned at the start of the content
     * @throws IOException if the stream cannot be created or opened
     */
    @Nonnull

     *
     * @return The class realm exposing the Maven API, never {@code null}.
     */
    ClassRealm getMaven4ApiRealm();

    /**
     * Creates a new class realm for the specified project and its build extensions.
     *
     * @param model The model of the project for which to create a realm, must not be {@code null}.
     * @param artifacts The artifacts to add to the class realm, may be {@code null}. Unresolved artifacts (i.e. with a