* the same sequence when read using each type of read method it provides.
   */
  private static void assertReadsCorrectly(CharSequence charSequence) throws IOException {
    String expected = charSequence.toString();

    // read char by char
    CharSequenceReader reader = new CharSequenceReader(charSequence);

    @DisplayName("Should handle StringBuilder as CharSequence")
    void testJoinWithStringBuilder() {
        StringBuilder sb1 = new StringBuilder("first");
        StringBuilder sb2 = new StringBuilder("second");
        String result = StringUtil.join(",", sb1, sb2);
        assertEquals("first,second", result);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Should handle StringBuffer as CharSequence")
    void testJoinWithStringBuffer() {

  @Override
  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  public Hasher putUnencodedChars(CharSequence charSequence) {
    for (int i = 0, len = charSequence.length(); i < len; i++) {
      putChar(charSequence.charAt(i));
    }
    return this;
  }

  @Override
  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  public Hasher putString(CharSequence charSequence, Charset charset) {
    return putBytes(charSequence.toString().getBytes(charset));
  }

  @Override

    //
    // message building methods modelled after Ansi methods
    //

    @Nonnull
    @Override
    MessageBuilder append(CharSequence cs);

    @Nonnull
    @Override
    MessageBuilder append(CharSequence cs, int start, int end);

    @Nonnull
    @Override
    MessageBuilder append(char c);

    /**
     * Append content to the message buffer.
     *

    // This benchmark has no concept of "noWorkToDo".
    String upperString = testString.toUpperCase();
    CharSequence testSeq = new StringBuilder(testString);
    CharSequence upperSeq = new StringBuilder(upperString);
    CharSequence[] lhs = new CharSequence[] {testString, testSeq, testString, testSeq};
    CharSequence[] rhs = new CharSequence[] {upperString, upperString, upperSeq, upperSeq};

    boolean dummy = false;

     */
    public StringSource(CharSequence content) {
        this(content, null);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new source backed by the specified string.
     *
     * @param content The String representation, may be empty or {@code null}.
     * @param location The location to report for this use, may be {@code null}.
     */
    public StringSource(CharSequence content, String location) {

    checkNotClosed();
    target.append(c);
    return this;
  }

  @Override
  public Writer append(@Nullable CharSequence charSeq) throws IOException {
    checkNotClosed();
    target.append(charSeq);
    return this;
  }

  @Override
  public Writer append(@Nullable CharSequence charSeq, int start, int end) throws IOException {
    checkNotClosed();
    target.append(charSeq, start, end);
    return this;

     * @param elements the elements to join
     * @return elements separated by delimiter
     */
    public static String join(final CharSequence delimiter, final CharSequence... elements) {
        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (final CharSequence element : elements) {
            if (sb.length() > 0) {
                if (delimiter != null) {
                    sb.append(delimiter);

    return this;
  }

  /*
   * Note: hashString(CharSequence, Charset) is intentionally not overridden.
   *
   * While intuitively, using CharsetEncoder to encode the CharSequence directly to the buffer (or
   * even to an intermediate buffer) should be considerably more efficient than potentially
   * copying the CharSequence to a String and then calling getBytes(Charset) on that String, in

   * putUnencodedChars}.
   *
   * @since 15.0 (since 11.0 as putString(CharSequence)).
   */
  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  @Override
  Hasher putUnencodedChars(CharSequence charSequence);

  /**
   * Equivalent to {@code putBytes(charSequence.toString().getBytes(charset))}.
   *
   * <p><b>Warning:</b> This method, which reencodes the input before hashing it, is useful only for