* element content or {@link #xmlAttributeEscaper} in attribute values.
   *
   * <p>This escaper substitutes {@code 0xFFFD} for non-whitespace control characters and the
   * character values {@code 0xFFFE} and {@code 0xFFFF} which are not permitted in XML. For more
   * detail see section <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-xml-20081126/#charsets">2.2</a> of
   * the XML specification.
   *

      }
    }

    // Test that 0xFFFE and 0xFFFF are replaced with 0xFFFD
    assertEscaping(xmlEscaper, "\uFFFD", '\uFFFE');
    assertEscaping(xmlEscaper, "\uFFFD", '\uFFFF');

    assertEquals(
        "0xFFFE is forbidden and should be replaced during escaping",
        "[\uFFFD]",
        xmlEscaper.escape("[\ufffe]"));
    assertEquals(
        "0xFFFF is forbidden and should be replaced during escaping",

      cp >>>= 2;
      dest[2] = upperHexDigits[cp & 0xF];
      cp >>>= 4;
      dest[1] = upperHexDigits[0xC | cp];
      return dest;
    } else if (cp <= 0xffff) {
      // Three byte UTF-8 characters [cp >= 0x800 && cp <= 0xffff]
      // Start with "%E-%--%--" and fill in the blanks
      char[] dest = new char[9];
      dest[0] = '%';
      dest[1] = 'E';
      dest[3] = '%';
      dest[6] = '%';

    val flags = buf.readShort().toInt() and 0xffff
    require(flags shr 15 != 0) { "not a response" }

    val responseCode = flags and 0xf

    if (responseCode == NXDOMAIN) {
      throw UnknownHostException("$hostname: NXDOMAIN")
    } else if (responseCode == SERVFAIL) {
      throw UnknownHostException("$hostname: SERVFAIL")
    }

    val questionCount = buf.readShort().toInt() and 0xffff

        int len = cmd.writeParametersWireFormat(buffer, 0);
        assertTrue(len >= 2);
        // writeInt2 writes in little-endian format (LSB first)
        int written = (buffer[0] & 0xFF) | ((buffer[1] & 0xFF) << 8);
        int expected = level & 0xFFFF;
        assertEquals(expected, written);
    }

    // Helper method to extract string from buffer
    private String extractStringFromBuffer(byte[] buffer, int offset, int maxLen) {

        long data4 = bb2.getLong();

        // Construct UUID from components - Java UUID expects big-endian representation
        long mostSig = ((long) data1 << 32) | ((long) (data2 & 0xFFFF) << 16) | (data3 & 0xFFFF);
        long leastSig = data4;

        this.guid = new UUID(mostSig, leastSig);
    }

    /**
     * Create a handle GUID from existing UUID
     * @param uuid the UUID to wrap
     */

     *
     * @return the major version
     */
    public int getMajorVersion() {
        return (version >> 16) & 0xFFFF;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the minor version number.
     *
     * @return the minor version
     */
    public int getMinorVersion() {
        return version & 0xFFFF;
    }

      h ^= fingerprint(buf, bufLen);
      h = remix(h);
      buf[bufLen++] = getChar(h);

      int x0 = buf[bufLen - 1] & 0xff;
      int x1 = buf[bufLen - 2] & 0xff;
      int x2 = buf[bufLen - 3] & 0xff;
      int x3 = buf[bufLen / 2] & 0xff;
      buf[((x0 << 16) + (x1 << 8) + x2) % bufLen] ^= x3;
      buf[((x1 << 16) + (x2 << 8) + x3) % bufLen] ^= i % 256;
    }

        assertArrayEquals(new byte[] { (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF }, dst, "Negative sid should wrap to 0xFFFF");
    }

    @Test
    void testWriteParameterWordsWithOffset() {
        byte[] dst = new byte[5];
        int written = instance.writeParameterWordsWireFormat(dst, 3);
        assertEquals(2, written);
        assertEquals((byte) (TEST_SID & 0xFF), dst[3]);
        assertEquals((byte) ((TEST_SID >> 8) & 0xFF), dst[4]);

            if (TOK_ID[i] != buf[i]) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException();
            }
        }
        // MECH_OID_LEN
        len = 0xff00 & buf[i] << 8;
        i++;
        len |= 0xff & buf[i++];

        // MECH_OID
        if (buf.length < i + len) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }
        final byte[] bo = new byte[len];