func Errorf(format string, a ...interface{}) error {
	e := fmt.Errorf(format, a...)
	ee := Error{}
	ee.msg = e.Error()
	ee.cause = errors.Unwrap(e)
	return ee
}

// Unwrap the internal error.
func (e Error) Unwrap() error { return e.cause }

// Error 'error' compatible method.
func (e Error) Error() string {
	if e.msg == "" {
		return "crypto: cause <nil>"
	}
	return e.msg
}

var (

	}
	for i, urs := range unparsableRangeSpecs {
		rs, err := parseRequestRangeSpec(urs)
		if err == nil {
			t.Errorf("Case %d: Did not get an expected error - got %v", i, rs)
		}
		if isErrInvalidRange(err) {
			t.Errorf("Case %d: Got invalid range error instead of a parse error", i)
		}
		if rs != nil {
			t.Errorf("Case %d: Got non-nil rs though err != nil: %v", i, rs)
		}
	}

	invalidRangeSpecs := []string{
		"bytes=5-3",

		return toAPIError(ctx, fmt.Errorf("error importing %s with: %w", fname, err))
	}
	return toAPIError(ctx, fmt.Errorf("error importing %s from %s with: %w", entity, fname, err))
}

// wraps import error for more context
func importErrorWithAPIErr(ctx context.Context, apiErr APIErrorCode, err error, fname, entity string) APIError {
	if entity == "" {
		return errorCodes.ToAPIErrWithErr(apiErr, fmt.Errorf("error importing %s with: %w", fname, err))

}

// Diff - returns error on first difference found in two configs.
func (s1 *ServerSystemConfig) Diff(s2 *ServerSystemConfig) error {
	ns1 := s1.NEndpoints
	ns2 := s2.NEndpoints
	if ns1 != ns2 {
		return fmt.Errorf("Expected number of endpoints %d, seen %d", ns1, ns2)
	}

	for i, cmdLine := range s1.CmdLines {
		if cmdLine != s2.CmdLines[i] {
			return fmt.Errorf("Expected command line argument %s, seen %s", cmdLine,

		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("xlMetaInlineData: %w", err)
		}
		if len(key) == 0 {
			return fmt.Errorf("xlMetaInlineData: key %d is length 0", i)
		}
		_, buf, err = msgp.ReadBytesZC(buf)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("xlMetaInlineData: %w", err)
		}
	}

	return nil
}

// repair will copy all seemingly valid data entries from a corrupted set.

	result, err := setConfigKV(ctx, objectAPI, []byte(kv))
	if err != nil {
		internalLogIf(ctx, fmt.Errorf("error setting subnet license config: %w", err))
		return
	}

	if result.Dynamic {
		if err := applyDynamicConfigForSubSys(GlobalContext, objectAPI, result.Cfg, result.SubSys); err != nil {
			subnetLogIf(ctx, fmt.Errorf("error applying subnet dynamic config: %w", err))
			return
		}

}

var (
	errInvalidRuleID                  = Errorf("ID length is limited to 255 characters")
	errEmptyRuleStatus                = Errorf("Status should not be empty")
	errInvalidRuleStatus              = Errorf("Status must be set to either Enabled or Disabled")
	errInvalidRuleDelMarkerExpiration = Errorf("Rule with DelMarkerExpiration cannot have tags based filtering")
)

		test := test
		t.Run("", func(t *testing.T) {
			contains := containsReservedMetadata(test.header)
			if contains && !test.shouldFail {
				t.Errorf("contains reserved header but should not fail")
			} else if !contains && test.shouldFail {
				t.Errorf("does not contain reserved header but failed")
			}
		})
	}
}

var sseTLSHandlerTests = []struct {
	URL               *url.URL

	if err := jd.rotate(); err != nil {
		logger.LogIf(ctx, fmt.Errorf("tier-journal: failed to rotate pending deletes journal %s", err))
		return
	}

	ro, err := jd.OpenRO()
	switch {
	case errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist):
		return // No read-only journal to process; nothing to do.
	case err != nil:
		logger.LogIf(ctx, fmt.Errorf("tier-journal: failed open read-only journal for processing %s", err))
		return
	}

	if set {
		if err := setxattr(path, name, value); err != nil {
			log.Fatalln(fmt.Errorf("setting attribute %s failed with: %v", name, err))
		}
	} else {
		if name == "" {
			log.Fatalln("you must specify an attribute name for reading")
		}
		var names []string
		if name == "." {
			attrs, err := listxattr(path)
			if err != nil {
				log.Fatalln(fmt.Errorf("listing attributes failed with: %v", err))
			}