```Python hl_lines="18-26"
{!../../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! note "技术细节"

    `Request` 的 `request.scope` 属性是包含关联请求元数据的字典。

    `Request` 的 `request.receive` 方法是**接收**请求体的函数。

    `scope` 字典与 `receive` 函数都是 ASGI 规范的内容。

    `scope` 与 `receive` 也是创建新的 `Request` 实例所需的。

    new_field.post_validators = field.post_validators  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
    new_field.parse_json = field.parse_json  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
    new_field.shape = field.shape  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
    new_field.populate_validators()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
    return new_field


def generate_operation_id_for_path(
    *, name: str, path: str, method: str

        @functools.wraps(app)
        async def wrapped_app(scope, receive, send):
            if scope["type"] != "websocket":
                return await app(scope, receive, send)  # pragma: no cover

            async def call_next():
                return await app(scope, receive, send)

            websocket = WebSocket(scope, receive=receive, send=send)

async def get_current_user(
    security_scopes: SecurityScopes, token: Annotated[str, Depends(oauth2_scheme)]
):
    if security_scopes.scopes:
        authenticate_value = f'Bearer scope="{security_scopes.scope_str}"'
    else:
        authenticate_value = "Bearer"
    credentials_exception = HTTPException(
        status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
        detail="Could not validate credentials",

不过也不用担心，前端仍可以显示终端用户所需的名称。

数据库模型也可以使用所需的名称。

但对于登录*路径操作*，则要使用兼容规范的 `username` 和 `password`，（例如，实现与 API 文档集成）。

该规范要求必须以表单数据形式发送 `username` 和 `password`，因此，不能使用 JSON 对象。

### `Scope`（作用域）

OAuth2 还支持客户端发送**`scope`**表单字段。

虽然表单字段的名称是 `scope`（单数），但实际上，它是以空格分隔的，由多个**scope**组成的长字符串。

**作用域**只是不带空格的字符串。

常用于声明指定安全权限，例如：

* 常见用例为，`users:read` 或 `users:write`
* 脸书和 Instagram 使用 `instagram_basic`

```

!!! note "Technical Details"
    A `Request` has a `request.scope` attribute, that's just a Python `dict` containing the metadata related to the request.

    A `Request` also has a `request.receive`, that's a function to "receive" the body of the request.

    The `scope` `dict` and `receive` function are both part of the ASGI specification.

    And those two things, `scope` and `receive`, are what is needed to create a new `Request` instance.

```Python hl_lines="18-26"
{!../../../docs_src/custom_request_and_route/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! note "📡 ℹ"
     `Request` ✔️ `request.scope` 🔢, 👈 🐍 `dict` ⚗ 🗃 🔗 📨.

     `Request` ✔️ `request.receive`, 👈 🔢 "📨" 💪 📨.

     `scope` `dict` & `receive` 🔢 👯‍♂️ 🍕 🔫 🔧.

     & 👈 2️⃣ 👜, `scope` & `receive`, ⚫️❔ 💪 ✍ 🆕 `Request` 👐.

& 👆 💽 🏷 💪 ⚙️ 🙆 🎏 📛 👆 💚.

✋️ 💳 *➡ 🛠️*, 👥 💪 ⚙️ 👉 📛 🔗 ⏮️ 🔌 (& 💪, 🖼, ⚙️ 🛠️ 🛠️ 🧾 ⚙️).

🔌 🇵🇸 👈 `username` & `password` 🔜 📨 📨 💽 (, 🙅‍♂ 🎻 📥).

### `scope`

🔌 💬 👈 👩‍💻 💪 📨 ➕1️⃣ 📨 🏑 "`scope`".

📨 🏑 📛 `scope` (⭐), ✋️ ⚫️ 🤙 📏 🎻 ⏮️ "↔" 🎏 🚀.

🔠 "↔" 🎻 (🍵 🚀).

👫 🛎 ⚙️ 📣 🎯 💂‍♂ ✔, 🖼:

* `users:read` ⚖️ `users:write` ⚠ 🖼.
* `instagram_basic` ⚙️ 👱📔 / 👱📔.

import pytest
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient


@pytest.fixture(name="app", scope="module")
def get_app():
    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
        from docs_src.events.tutorial002 import app
    yield app


def test_events(app: FastAPI):
    with TestClient(app) as client:
        response = client.get("/items/")
        assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

::: fastapi.WebSocket
    options:
        members:
            - scope
            - app
            - url
            - base_url
            - headers
            - query_params
            - path_params
            - cookies
            - client
            - state