* If you are comparing Starlette, compare it against Sanic, Flask, Django, etc. Web frameworks (or microframeworks).
* **FastAPI**:
    * The same way that Starlette uses Uvicorn and cannot be faster than it, **FastAPI** uses Starlette, so it cannot be faster than it.

    return [pet1, pet2]


client = TestClient(app)


def test_filter_top_level_model():
    response = client.post(
        "/users", json={"email": "******@****.***", "password": "secret"}
    )
    assert response.json() == {"email": "******@****.***"}


def test_filter_second_level_model():
    response = client.get("/pets/1")
    assert response.json() == {

# General - How To - Recipes

Here are several pointers to other places in the docs, for general or frequent questions.

## Filter Data - Security

To ensure that you don't return more data than you should, read the docs for [Tutorial - Response Model - Return Type](../tutorial/response-model.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

## Documentation Tags - OpenAPI

    !!! tip
        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.

    ```Python hl_lines="9"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001.py!}
    ```

!!! note "Technical Details"
    `Cookie` is a "sister" class of `Path` and `Query`. It also inherits from the same common `Param` class.

    But remember that when you import `Query`, `Path`, `Cookie` and others from `fastapi`, those are actually functions that return special classes.

        return {"name": name, "description": "model-a-desc", "foo": model_c}

    client = TestClient(app)
    return client


@needs_pydanticv2
def test_filter_sub_model(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/model/modelA")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "name": "modelA",
        "description": "model-a-desc",

    return [pet1, pet2]


client = TestClient(app)


def test_filter_top_level_model():
    response = client.post(
        "/users", json={"email": "******@****.***", "password": "secret"}
    )
    assert response.json() == {"email": "******@****.***"}


def test_filter_second_level_model():
    response = client.get("/pets/1")
    assert response.json() == {

{!../../../docs_src/response_headers/tutorial002.py!}
```

And then you can return any object you need, as you normally would (a `dict`, a database model, etc).

And if you declared a `response_model`, it will still be used to filter and convert the object you returned.

from ..utils import needs_pydanticv1


@pytest.fixture(name="client")
def get_client():
    from .app_pv1 import app

    client = TestClient(app)
    return client


@needs_pydanticv1
def test_filter_sub_model(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/model/modelA")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "name": "modelA",
        "description": "model-a-desc",

{!../../../docs_src/response_cookies/tutorial002.py!}
```

And then you can return any object you need, as you normally would (a `dict`, a database model, etc).

And if you declared a `response_model`, it will still be used to filter and convert the object you returned.

    !!! tip
        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.

    ```Python hl_lines="9"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001.py!}
    ```

!!! note "Technical Details"
    `Header` is a "sister" class of `Path`, `Query` and `Cookie`. It also inherits from the same common `Param` class.