Les schémas sont référencés à un autre endroit du modèle OpenAPI :

```JSON hl_lines="4-16"
{
    "components": {
        "schemas": {
            "Message": {
                "title": "Message",
                "required": [
                    "message"
                ],
                "type": "object",
                "properties": {
                    "message": {
                        "title": "Message",

It has a `GET` operation that could return an error.

It has a `POST` operation that could return several errors.

Both *path operations* require an `X-Token` header.

=== "Python 3.10+"

    ```Python
    {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an_py310/main.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.9+"

    ```Python

It can contain several fields. <details><summary><code>license_info</code> fields</summary><table><thead><tr><th>Parameter</th><th>Type</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>name</code></td><td><code>str</code></td><td><strong>REQUIRED</strong> (if a <code>license_info</code> is set). The license name used for the API.</td></tr><tr><td><code>identifier</code></td><td><code>str</code></td><td>An <a href="https://spdx.org/licenses/" class="external-link" target="_blank">SPDX</a>...

        }
    }
}

```
**模式被引用到OpenAPI模式中的另一个位置：**
```json hl_lines="4-16"
{
    "components": {
        "schemas": {
            "Message": {
                "title": "Message",
                "required": [
                    "message"
                ],
                "type": "object",
                "properties": {
                    "message": {
                        "title": "Message",

### 使用Pydantic中的`Required`代替省略号(`...`)

如果你觉得使用 `...` 不舒服，你也可以从 Pydantic 导入并使用 `Required`：

```Python hl_lines="2  8"
{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial006d.py!}
```

!!! tip

If you want to secure your API, there are several better things you can do, for example:

* Make sure you have well defined Pydantic models for your request bodies and responses.
* Configure any required permissions and roles using dependencies.
* Never store plaintext passwords, only password hashes.
* Implement and use well-known cryptographic tools, like Passlib and JWT tokens, etc.

```Python hl_lines="3-5"
{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!}
```

## Define a constant to use as a "document type"

We will use it later as a fixed field `type` in our documents.

This is not required by Couchbase, but is a good practice that will help you afterwards.

```Python hl_lines="9"
{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!}
```

## Add a function to get a `Bucket`

...必須のパラメータ `needy` を加えなかったので、以下の様なエラーが表示されます:

```JSON
{
    "detail": [
        {
            "loc": [
                "query",
                "needy"
            ],
            "msg": "field required",
            "type": "value_error.missing"
        }
    ]
}
```

`needy` は必須のパラメータなので、URLにセットする必要があります:

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo-item?needy=sooooneedy
```

# OpenAPI

There are several utilities to handle OpenAPI.

* **Starlette** :
    * A les seconde meilleures performances après Uvicorn. Starlette utilise en réalité Uvicorn. De ce fait, il ne peut qu’être plus "lent" qu'Uvicorn car il requiert l'exécution de plus de code.
    * Cependant il nous apporte les outils pour construire une application web simple, avec un routage basé sur des chemins, etc.