Specifically, to see Uvicorn, Starlette and FastAPI compared together (among many other tools).

The simpler the problem solved by the tool, the better performance it will get. And most of the benchmarks don't test the additional features provided by the tool.

The hierarchy is like:

* **Uvicorn**: an ASGI server
    * **Starlette**: (uses Uvicorn) a web microframework

# OpenAPI

There are several utilities to handle OpenAPI.

{!../../../docs_src/nosql_databases/tutorial001.py!}
```

We will use this model in our *path operation function*, so, we don't include in it the `hashed_password`.

### `UserInDB` model

Now, let's create a `UserInDB` model.

This will have the data that is actually stored in the database.

You could then update `test_main.py` with the extended tests:

```Python
{!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b/test_main.py!}
```

Whenever you need the client to pass information in the request and you don't know how to, you can search (Google) how to do it in `httpx`, or even how to do it with `requests`, as HTTPX's design is based on Requests' design.

Then you just do the same in your tests.

E.g.:

Do you want to just have a `str`? Or just a `dict`? Or a database class model instance directly? It all works the same way.

You actually don't have users that log in to your application but robots, bots, or other systems, that have just an access token? Again, it all works the same.

# General - How To - Recipes

Here are several pointers to other places in the docs, for general or frequent questions.

## Filter Data - Security

To ensure that you don't return more data than you should, read the docs for [Tutorial - Response Model - Return Type](../tutorial/response-model.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

## Documentation Tags - OpenAPI

{!../../../docs_src/metadata/tutorial004.py!}
```

Notice that you can use Markdown inside of the descriptions, for example "login" will be shown in bold (**login**) and "fancy" will be shown in italics (_fancy_).

!!! tip
    You don't have to add metadata for all the tags that you use.

### Use your tags

Use the `tags` parameter with your *path operations* (and `APIRouter`s) to assign them to different tags:

```Python hl_lines="21  26"

## Multiple body params and query

Of course, you can also declare additional query parameters whenever you need, additional to any body parameters.

As, by default, singular values are interpreted as query parameters, you don't have to explicitly add a `Query`, you can just do:

```Python
q: Union[str, None] = None
```

Or in Python 3.10 and above:

```Python
q: str | None = None
```

For example:

If it doesn't see an `Authorization` header, or the value doesn't have a `Bearer ` token, it will respond with a 401 status code error (`UNAUTHORIZED`) directly.

You don't even have to check if the token exists to return an error. You can be sure that if your function is executed, it will have a `str` in that token.

You can try it already in the interactive docs:

* The **database model** would probably need to have a hashed password.

!!! danger
    Never store user's plaintext passwords. Always store a "secure hash" that you can then verify.

    If you don't know, you will learn what a "password hash" is in the [security chapters](security/simple-oauth2.md#password-hashing){.internal-link target=_blank}.

## Multiple models